SPSC HEADMASTER Archives - Page 12 of 69

Watson and Rayner (1920) conditioned “Little Albert” to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as he played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa’s beard as well. Albert’s fear of these other objects can be attributed to:

A. Acquisition

B. Stimulus generalization

C. Stimulus discrimination

D. An overactive imagination

Correct answer is: B. Stimulus generalization

Which statement best represents current evidence on the durability of long term storage?

A. All forgetting involves breakdowns in retrieval

B. LTM is like a barrel of marbles in which none of the marbles ever leak out

C. There is no convincing evidence that all "one's" memories are stored away permanently

D. All long term memories gradually decay at a constant rate

Correct answer is: C. There is no convincing evidence that all "one's" memories are stored away permanently

The phenomenon of higher order conditioning shows that:

A. Only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR

B. Auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli

C. Visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli

D. An already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS

Correct answer is: D. An already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS

An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or sequence of events is called as:

A. Semantic network

B. Conceptual hierarchy

C. Schema

D. Retrieval cue

Correct answer is: C. Schema

Which of the following statements is (are) true?

A. Classical conditioning regulates reflexive, involuntary responses exclusively

B. Operant conditioning regulates voluntary responses exclusively

C. The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior

D. a and b

Correct answer is: C. The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior

The 2 year old child who refers to every four legged animal as “doggie” is making which of the following errors?

A. Underextension

B. Overextension

C. Overregularization

D. None of the above

Correct answer is: B. Overextension

In a Skinner box, the dependent variable is:

A. The force with which the lever is pressed or the disk is pecked

B. The schedule of reinforcement used

C. The rate of responding

D. The speed of the cumulative recorder

Correct answer is: C. The rate of responding

Research suggests that bilingualism has a negative effect on:

A. Language development

B. Metalinguistic awareness

C. Cognitive development

D. None of the above

Correct answer is: D. None of the above

A primary reinforcer has reinforcing properties; a secondary reinforcer has reinforcing properties:

A. Biological; acquired

B. Conditioned; unconditioned

C. Potent; weak

D. Immediate; delayed

Correct answer is: A. Biological; acquired

Based on the work with Kanzi, which statement best summarizes the current status of the research on whether chimps can learn language?

A. Chimps can acquire the use of symbols but cannot combine them into sentences

B. Chimps are as well suited for learning and using language as humans

C. Chimps are incapable even of learning the symbols of a language

D. Chimps can learn some genuine language skills, including the use of rules, but the linguistic capacities of humans are far superior

Correct answer is: D. Chimps can learn some genuine language skills, including the use of rules, but the linguistic capacities of humans are far superior