The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission is a project of _____.
MAVEN is a NASA mission studying the Martian atmosphere.
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Every Day Science
Introduction
Everyday Science MCQs with Answers for CSS, PMS, PPSC, and FPSC exams.
Includes solved CSS General Science and Ability Past Papers, ideal for CSS MPT Test preparation by FPSC.
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The most flexible muscle in the human body is _____.
The tongue is often cited as the body's most flexible/agile muscle.
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The tough, waterproof protein that makes up our fingernails, toenails and hair is _____.
Keratin is the structural protein forming nails, hair, and skin's outer layer.
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The main sugar in our blood that gives us energy is _____.
Glucose is the primary sugar circulating in blood for energy.
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The building blocks of our muscles and organs are called _____.
Proteins form the structural building blocks of muscles and organs.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects _____.
TB is primarily a lung (pulmonary) infectious disease.
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The number of operational satellites in the United States’ Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation is _____.
The U.S. Space Force maintains 31 operational GPS satellites, above the 24-satellite baseline requirement.
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The logarithmic unit used to describe sound intensity levels is _____.
The decibel is the standard logarithmic unit for sound intensity.
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The number of neck bones, or cervical vertebrae, in humans is _____.
Humans have seven cervical vertebrae.
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In space, the height of a person slightly increases due to the expansion of _____.
Microgravity lets spinal cartilage discs expand, temporarily increasing height.
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When solid aluminum chloride (AlCl3) forms Al2Cl6, what type of bond is present between the molecules?
The correct answer is Coordinate. In the compound Al₂Cl₆, the bond between the two AlCl₃ molecules is a coordinate covalent bond (also called a dative bond). This occurs when one AlCl₃ molecule shares a pair of electrons from a chlorine atom with the electron‑deficient aluminum atom of the other AlCl₃ molecule. Each aluminum atom is bonded to four chlorine atoms through coordinate bonds, resulting in a bridged structure. Ionic and covalent bonds exist within the AlCl₃ units, but the bond between the molecules is coordinate. Therefore, the correct type of bond is coordinate.
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Primary stages of matter is
Explanation: The correct answer is 4.
The four commonly recognized primary states of matter are:
- Solid — definite shape and volume
- Liquid — definite volume, takes shape of container
- Gas — no definite shape or volume
- Plasma — ionized gas with free electrons and ions
Why the other options are incorrect:
- 3: This refers to the classical/traditional states (solid, liquid, gas), excluding plasma which is now considered a fundamental state.
- 5: While modern physics recognizes additional states like Bose-Einstein Condensate, they are not part of the "commonly recognized" primary states.
- 6: This includes exotic states (e.g., fermionic condensate) that are not taught at the basic level and are not "commonly recognized" in general science.
Therefore, 4 (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) is the correct answer for commonly recognized primary states of matter.
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Which one is disorder of system:
The correct answer is Entropy. Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. In thermodynamics, entropy is a property that quantifies the number of microscopic configurations corresponding to a macroscopic state. A system with higher entropy is more disordered. Catalytic, convection, and radiation are processes or phenomena, not measures of disorder. Therefore, entropy is the correct answer.
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The great pacific garbage patch is called:
The correct answer is Marine Plastic pollution. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large accumulation of marine plastic pollution in the North Pacific Ocean. It is a gyre of marine debris, mostly consisting of microplastics, located between Hawaii and California. The patch is formed by ocean currents that trap plastic waste. It is not air pollution (which affects the atmosphere), soil pollution (which affects the ground), or a mixture of all types of pollution. Therefore, Marine Plastic pollution is the correct answer.
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Respiration rate of human body:
The correct answer is 12-16. The normal resting respiration rate for an adult human is 12 to 16 breaths per minute. This rate can vary based on age, health, and physical activity. For children, the rate is typically higher (20–30 breaths per minute), while for adults, the normal range is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute, with 12–16 being the most commonly cited resting rate. Options like 10–14, 16–20, and 14–18 are outside the standard adult resting range. Therefore, 12–16 is the correct answer.
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The establishment of the Germ Theory of Disease, which states that microorganisms cause diseases, is primarily credited to which scientist?
The correct answer is Louis Pasteur. The Germ Theory of Disease, which states that microorganisms cause diseases, was primarily established by Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), a French biologist. Pasteur conducted experiments that disproved spontaneous generation and demonstrated that bacteria and viruses cause infections. Robert Koch also contributed significantly to the germ theory by isolating specific pathogens, but Pasteur is credited with the foundational work that popularized the theory. Edward Jenner is known for the smallpox vaccine, and Charles Darwin is known for the theory of evolution. Therefore, Louis Pasteur is the correct answer.
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Key solution of urban flooding is a:
The correct answer is Urban drainage Reservoir. The key solution to urban flooding is the construction and maintenance of urban drainage reservoirs. Urban flooding occurs when excessive rainfall overwhelms the drainage system, leading to water accumulation. Drainage reservoirs help manage stormwater runoff by temporarily storing excess water and releasing it gradually into natural water bodies. Deforestation, reservoir holes, and cutting roads are not solutions to urban flooding; they often exacerbate the problem. Therefore, urban drainage reservoirs are the correct solution.
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1st hurdle distance in 400m race
The correct answer is 45m. In a standard 400m hurdles race, the first hurdle is placed 45 meters from the starting line. The race has a total of 10 hurdles, with the distance between each hurdle being 35 meters, and the final hurdle is placed 40 meters from the finish line.
Options 14.2m and 30m are distances used in other track events (like the 110m hurdles), and 50m is too far from the start.
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Sounds presented to the right ear are registered:
Correct Answer: More quickly in the left hemisphere
Although auditory information from each ear reaches both hemispheres, there is a stronger contralateral (crossed) pathway. Therefore, sounds presented to the right ear reach the left hemisphere more directly. Since the left hemisphere is usually dominant for language, speech sounds presented to the right ear are typically processed more quickly.
Why the other options are incorrect:
- Only in the right hemisphere: Incorrect. Auditory signals are processed by both hemispheres.
- Only in the left hemisphere: Incorrect. Both hemispheres receive auditory input from each ear.
- More quickly in the right hemisphere: Incorrect. The stronger contralateral pathway carries right-ear input more directly to the left hemisphere.
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Chemical formula of Quartz is?
The correct answer is SiO₂. Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed entirely of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). It is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, after feldspar.
Quartz and Common Mineral Formulas
- SiO₂ – Silicon Dioxide: Each silicon atom is covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms, forming a tetrahedral structure that links to create a continuous three-dimensional framework. This gives quartz its hardness (7 on the Mohs scale) and resistance to chemical weathering.
- CaCO₃ – Calcium Carbonate: This is the chemical formula of calcite, the main constituent of limestone and marble. It is not quartz.
- Al₂O₃ – Aluminium Oxide: This is corundum, the mineral that forms ruby and sapphire. It is extremely hard but distinct from quartz.
- Fe₂O₃ – Iron(III) Oxide: Commonly known as hematite, an iron ore. It gives a reddish streak and is often responsible for the red color of many rocks.
Thus, the chemical formula of quartz is SiO₂.
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Which process in DNA five nucleotide cut?
The correct answer is Restriction. The process of cutting DNA at specific sequences (often involving recognition sites that may be five nucleotides long, among other lengths) is performed by restriction enzymes in a process called restriction digestion.
Restriction Enzymes and DNA Cutting
- Restriction Process: Restriction enzymes are proteins that recognize specific short DNA sequences (typically 4–8 base pairs long) and cleave the phosphodiester bonds at or near that site. Some recognize pentanucleotide (5-base) sequences, making the question point to the restriction process.
- Biotechnological Importance: This cutting mechanism is the cornerstone of genetic engineering and molecular cloning. It allows scientists to insert genes into plasmids, create recombinant DNA, and perform gene editing.
- Difference from Other Processes: Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. Translation is protein synthesis from mRNA. Replication is the copying of entire DNA molecules. None of these involve cutting DNA at specific short recognition sites.
- Natural Function: In bacteria, restriction enzymes serve as a defense mechanism against invading bacteriophages by cutting foreign DNA. The bacterium protects its own DNA by methylation.
Therefore, the process involving DNA cutting at specific nucleotide sequences (including a five-nucleotide cut) is restriction.
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Which part of the cell is known as the site of ribosome production?
The correct answer is Nucleolus. The nucleolus is a dense, specialized region within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosome subunits are assembled — effectively making it the "factory" of ribosomes.
Ribosome Biogenesis in the Nucleolus
- Function of the Nucleolus: It transcribes ribosomal DNA (rDNA) into rRNA, processes the rRNA, and combines it with ribosomal proteins imported from the cytoplasm. The assembled small and large ribosomal subunits are then exported through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm for final maturation.
- Why Not the Nucleus?: While the nucleolus is located inside the nucleus, the general nucleus as a whole is not the specific site of ribosome production. The ribosome assembly line is localized within the nucleolus.
- Cytoplasm and Endoplasmic Reticulum: Cytoplasm is where ribosomes function during protein synthesis, but not where they are manufactured. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (especially rough ER) is studded with ribosomes, but again, it does not build them.
- Significance: Actively growing cells, such as those in embryos or cancer cells, often have prominent and enlarged nucleoli due to high demand for protein synthesis and thus ribosome production.
Hence, the factory of ribosomes within the cell is the nucleolus.
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S waves in earthquakes pass through which state of matter?
The correct answer is Solid. Seismic S-waves (Secondary or Shear waves) are transverse waves that shake the ground perpendicular to their direction of travel. They can only propagate through solid materials and are unable to pass through liquids or gases.
Properties of S-Waves
- Shear Wave Mechanism: S-waves move by shearing or displacing material at right angles to the wave path. This requires the medium to have rigidity — a property only solids possess. Liquids and gases lack shear strength and will not transmit these waves.
- Evidence of Earth's Interior: The fact that S-waves cannot pass through the Earth's outer core (which is liquid iron and nickel) provides strong evidence that the outer core is molten. Seismologists observe an "S-wave shadow zone" on the side of the Earth opposite an earthquake.
- Comparison with P-Waves: Primary (P) waves are compressional and can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. S-waves are slower and arrive after P-waves on a seismogram.
- Why Not Other Options?: S-waves cannot travel through gas, liquid, or plasma because these states lack the necessary shear modulus. Only solids support shear stress.
Thus, S-waves in earthquakes can only pass through solid matter.
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Plants, vegetation and waste from living things:
The correct answer is Biomass. The term biomass refers to any organic matter derived from plants, animals, and other living organisms that can be used as a renewable source of energy or material. It includes wood, crop residues, animal manure, and biodegradable waste.
Understanding Biomass and Its Related Terms
- Biomass – The Raw Material: Biomass is the collective term for recently living organic material. When plants undergo photosynthesis, they store solar energy in chemical form. Biomass can be burned directly for heat or converted into liquid biofuels, biogas, and other products.
- Biogas – A Product of Biomass: Biogas is a specific fuel (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) produced by the anaerobic digestion of biomass. It is not the broad category of waste and vegetation itself, but one of many derivatives.
- Compost – Processed Biomass: Compost is the nutrient-rich humus created by aerobic decomposition of organic waste. It is a product of managing biomass, not the overarching term for the raw material.
- Fossil Fuel – Ancient Biomass: Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are also derived from ancient biomass that has been subjected to intense heat and pressure over millions of years. However, the phrase "plants, vegetation and waste from living things" refers to contemporary, renewable organic matter — i.e., biomass.
Thus, plants, vegetation, and waste from living things are collectively called biomass.
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The bonding between molecule of water?
The correct answer is Hydrogen Bond. The attractive force that holds one water molecule to another is the hydrogen bond. This intermolecular bond is responsible for water's unique properties, including high surface tension, boiling point, and its ability to dissolve many substances.
Hydrogen Bonding in Water
- How It Forms: In a water molecule (H₂O), the oxygen atom is highly electronegative, pulling electrons away from the hydrogen atoms. This creates a partial negative charge on the oxygen and a partial positive charge on each hydrogen. The positively charged hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to the lone pair electrons of the oxygen on a neighboring molecule — this attraction is the hydrogen bond.
- Intermolecular, Not Intramolecular: The bonds within a single water molecule (O–H) are polar covalent bonds, where electrons are shared. The question asks about bonding between molecules, which is the hydrogen bond.
- Why Not Other Bonds?: Ionic bonds involve complete transfer of electrons between metal and non-metal atoms, not between neutral water molecules. Metallic bonds occur among metal atoms. The only accurate description of intermolecular bonding in water is hydrogen bonding.
- Significance of Hydrogen Bonds: These relatively weak bonds are collectively strong enough to give water a high specific heat, capillary action in plants, and ice's lower density than liquid water — all essential for life.
Therefore, the bonding between water molecules is a hydrogen bond.
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📌 Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What topics are covered in Everyday Science MCQs?
Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Science, and General Science concepts commonly asked in PPSC, FPSC, CSS, and PMS exams.
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Yes, this collection includes solved CSS General Science and Ability past papers from previous years.
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