The stem of a multiple-choice item should be meaningful, providing a clear and specific question or problem for the test-taker to address. This clarity helps in accurately assessing their knowledge.

Performance tests require individuals to solve problems or construct patterns using concrete materials. These tests evaluate practical skills and abilities through hands-on tasks.

A discrimination value greater than 0.4 indicates that the item effectively distinguishes between high and low performers, making it a good measure of ability.

Objective type questions are advantageous because they are easy to mark and score, providing clear right or wrong answers and reducing grading time and potential bias.

A difficulty value less than 0.20 indicates that the test item is too easy, as a high proportion of test-takers can correctly answer it.

Multiple choice questions provide more reliable marking due to their objective nature and ease of scoring. They have clear correct answers, reducing subjectivity in the evaluation process.

Norm-referenced tests compare individuals against each other to rank or classify their performance relative to peers. This comparison helps in understanding relative standing and performance.

The main purpose of evaluation is to assess and form judgments about the quality or effectiveness of educational processes or outcomes, rather than just assigning scores or measuring achievement.