(A) reduction: diminution
(B) induction: amelioration
(C) radicalization: estimation
(D) marginalization: intimidation
A conviction results in incarceration; a reduction results in diminution.
Conviction is the process of being found guilty of a crime. Incarceration is the act of being put in prison. A conviction is the cause, and incarceration is the resulting effect.
Similarly, reduction is the act of making something smaller or less. Diminution means a decrease or lessening. Here too, reduction is the cause and diminution is the effect.