- A Reinforcement
- B Punishment
- C Self-actualization
- D Conditioning
Answer: Correct Answer is : c) Self-actualization
Explanation:
Among the options listed, c) Self-actualization is NOT a key element of behaviorism.
Here’s a breakdown of why the other options are considered key elements of behaviorism:
- Reinforcement (a): Positive reinforcement strengthens desired behaviors, while punishment weakens unwanted behaviors. These are central to influencing behavior through conditioning.
- Punishment (b): As mentioned earlier, punishment is another crucial element for shaping behavior by discouraging unwanted actions.
- Conditioning (d): This refers to the process of learning through experience, where associations are formed between stimuli and responses. Conditioning is a fundamental principle in behaviorism.
Self-actualization, on the other hand, is a concept from Humanistic Psychology. It emphasizes the innate human desire for personal growth and achieving one’s full potential. This concept focuses on internal motivations and goals, which differs from behaviorism’s emphasis on observable behavior shaped by external factors like reinforcement and punishment.
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