a) system call to the operating system
b) a special procedure
c) system call to the CPU
d) all of the mentioned
system call to the operating system
Whenever a process requires input or output operations involving a disk, it initiates a system call to the operating system. This system call informs the OS about the specific I/O request, such as reading or writing data to a particular location on the disk. The OS then handles the request, interacts with the disk controller, and eventually returns control to the process when the operation is complete.