- A Abraham Maslow
- B B.F. Skinner
- C Sigmund Freud
- D Ivan Pavlov
Answer: Correct Answer is : Abraham Maslow
Explanation: Abraham Maslow was an influential American psychologist best known for his theory of human motivation and the hierarchy of needs. Born on April 1, 1908, in Brooklyn, New York, Maslow was raised in a Jewish immigrant family from Russia. He faced significant challenges in his early life, including financial struggles and anti-Semitic prejudice, which influenced his later work in psychology.
Maslow initially studied law at the City College of New York but later shifted his focus to psychology. He earned his bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Maslow was deeply interested in understanding what drives human behavior and what motivates individuals to strive for personal growth and fulfillment.
Maslow’s most enduring contribution to psychology is his hierarchy of needs, outlined in his 1943 paper “A Theory of Human Motivation” and later expanded upon in his book “Motivation and Personality” (1954). According to Maslow, human needs can be arranged in a hierarchical order, with lower-level needs needing to be satisfied before higher-level needs become motivating factors. The hierarchy of needs is typically represented as follows, from the most basic to the highest:
1. Physiological needs: These include the most basic needs for survival, such as air, water, food, shelter, and sleep.
2. Safety needs: Once physiological needs are met, individuals seek safety and security, including physical safety, financial stability, health, and protection from harm.
3. Love and belongingness needs: After safety needs are fulfilled, people crave social connections, love, affection, friendship, and a sense of belongingness within family, relationships, and community.
4. Esteem needs: Once social needs are satisfied, individuals aspire for self-esteem and the esteem of others. This involves feelings of accomplishment, recognition, respect, and confidence.
5. Self-actualization needs: At the pinnacle of the hierarchy are self-actualization needs, representing the desire to fulfill one’s potential, pursue personal growth, and achieve self-fulfillment. This includes realizing one’s talents, creativity, autonomy, and seeking meaning and purpose in life.
Maslow believed that as individuals meet their basic needs, they are motivated to pursue higher-level needs, ultimately striving for self-actualization. He also noted that self-actualized individuals tend to have certain characteristics, such as autonomy, creativity, problem-solving abilities, spontaneity, and a strong sense of ethics and morality.
Despite Maslow’s contributions to psychology, including his emphasis on positive psychology and the study of healthy individuals, his hierarchy of needs has been critiqued for its lack of empirical support and its cultural bias towards individualistic societies. Nonetheless, Maslow’s ideas continue to influence fields such as psychology, education, business management, and personal development, shaping our understanding of human motivation and well-being. Maslow passed away on June 8, 1970, leaving behind a rich legacy in the field of psychology.
If you think there is any confusion in given MCQS You can comment.
Drop of Change Academy is Pakistan No.1 online Plate form to prepare all types of Exams including PPSC, FPSC, KPSC, SPSC, Ministry of Defence, And for all one paper MCQS , Pedagogy MCQS, docmcqs general knowledge MCQS, current affair MCQS and alot more