PPSC Past Papers 2025

Explanation: Bernard Baruch used the term “Cold War” in a 1947 speech describing U.S.-Soviet tensions.

Explanation: India signed a $5.4 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for the S-400 system.

Explanation: Morgenthau is the main theorist of realism in modern IR.

Explanation: The Ottomans ruled central Hungary between 1541 and 1699.

Explanation: Name of Anti-globalization movement: Global Justice Movement

Correct answer: Global Justice Movement

Explanation:

The Global Justice Movement (also called the anti-globalization movement, alter-globalization, etc.) is a loose network of groups advocating social justice, fair trade, and opposing the excesses of corporate globalization.

Participants typically do not oppose globalization generally (communication, culture, people), but oppose corporate/ neoliberal globalization — especially free trade agreements, WTO policies, IMF/WB influences, environmental damage, inequality.

Explanation: Fitch Ratings evaluate the creditworthiness of states/borrowers. Given the evidence, among the options provided:

The phrase “Creditworthiness of the borrower country” is the best match to what Fitch Ratings does.

Option C, “GDP Growth,” is a component or factor in the assessment, but not what the Fitch survey/rating “shows” as the final indicator.

So the MCQ is correct in choosing Creditworthiness of the borrower country.

Explanation: The Rio 2016 Olympics had the official theme “A New World.”

Explanation: Alaska & Texas are U.S. states; Canada is a separate country. Paraguay is not considered because it is a country in South America, whereas the question asks specifically about "American states," meaning states of the United States of America.

Alaska → U.S. state ✅

Texas → U.S. state ✅

Canada → country, not a U.S. state ✅ (Correct Answer)

Paraguay → country, but the question focuses on U.S. states, so Canada is the best answer since it is geographically closer and commonly confused with the U.S. context.

In short, “American state” refers only to a U.S. state, not any country in the Americas.

Explanation: The Soviet Union officially dissolved in December 1991.

Explanation: The systemic/global level explains relations between states in International Relations.