PPSC Past Papers 2025

Explanation: Why: The Durand Line agreement (1893) was concluded after the Second Anglo-Afghan War, demarcating the frontier between British India and Afghanistan.

Explanation: Why? Husain Haqqani, former diplomat, authored this book analyzing Pakistan’s civil–military relations and religious politics.

Explanation: Why? Let the original price be x. After 20% discount, selling price = 80% of x. So, 0.8x = 596 → x = 596 ÷ 0.8 = 745.

Explanation: Why: The Ottomans rose in Anatolia after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, building a vast empire that lasted until 1924.

Explanation: Why? Baltit Fort, a UNESCO heritage site, is located in Hunza Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, showcasing Tibetan and Balti architecture.

Explanation: Why? “Prolong” means to lengthen or extend the duration of something, so the closest synonym is “Extend.”

Explanation: Why: Biography literally means the written account of a person’s life, focusing on experiences, achievements, and significance.

Explanation: Why? Siberia, particularly Oymyakon, records the world’s coldest inhabited places, with temperatures dropping below –60°C.

Explanation: Why: Action research is practitioner-focused, aiming to solve immediate problems and improve professional practices through iterative cycles of planning, acting, and reflecting.

Explanation: Why? Equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall due to intense heating, rapid evaporation, and rising moist air.

Explanation: Why: Bureaucratic dysfunction occurs when systems become rigid and inefficient, preventing adaptability and responsiveness to changing needs.

Explanation: Why? Finland is famously known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes” because it actually has more than 180,000 lakes.

Explanation: Why: Thomas Malthus was a British economist known for his theory that population growth tends to outpace food production, leading to scarcity.

Explanation: Why? Bara River originates in Tirah Valley (Khyber District) and flows into the Kabul River near Peshawar.

Explanation: Why? “Docile” means submissive or easy to control, so its opposite is “Unyielding,” which means not giving way or stubborn.

Explanation: Why? According to George Herbert Mead, socialization shapes both “I” (the individual’s personal response) and “Me” (the social self formed through interaction).

Explanation: Why? Calcium chloride lowers the freezing point of water, making it effective for de-icing roads in cold regions.

Explanation: Why? “Raja Gidh” (The Vulture King) was published in 1981. It is a symbolic Urdu novel dealing with morality, forbidden love, and human psychology.

Explanation: Why? Going beyond the optimum scale increases costs and reduces efficiency due to diseconomies of scale.

Explanation: Why? The SI unit of speed is meters per second (m/s). km/h, mph, and cm/s are non-SI units used in daily life.

Explanation: Why? The poetry collection Taj Mahal Azam is attributed to the famous Urdu poet Sahir Ludhianvi.

Explanation: Why? The ECE is one of the UN’s five Regional Commissions, promoting economic cooperation among European states.