PPSC Past Papers 2025

Diplomatic relations between Pakistan and China were formally established on May 21, 1951. This date is foundational to the enduring friendship and strategic partnership between the two nations, which has since grown into an "all-weather" relationship. Pakistan was among the first countries to recognize the People's Republic of China. Options such as May 1, 1950, August 14, 1952, and July 5, 1951, are incorrect. While discussions and informal contacts might have occurred earlier or later, May 21, 1951, is the official date marking the commencement of formal diplomatic ties, setting the stage for extensive cooperation in various fields.

The question addresses a key constitutional reform introduced during the British colonial period in the Indian subcontinent.

• British Government is the correct answer. Dyarchy, a system of double government, was introduced by the British Government in India through the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, which culminated in the Government of India Act 1919. This system divided provincial subjects into 'reserved' (controlled by the Governor) and 'transferred' (controlled by Indian ministers).
• Congress was a major political party advocating for self-rule, not the authority that introduced constitutional reforms.
• Kings and the Maratha Empire are irrelevant in the context of 20th-century British colonial administration and constitutional changes.

Dyarchy represented an early, albeit limited, attempt at devolving power to Indian representatives.

Special courts in Pakistan were established through the 12th Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment, passed in 1991, was introduced to address specific legal challenges, particularly related to terrorism and other serious crimes, by creating a parallel judicial system for speedy trials. The aim was to ensure swift justice in cases where the regular judicial process was perceived as slow or ineffective. The 11th, 10th, and 15th amendments dealt with different constitutional matters, such as the powers of the President or electoral reforms, and were not responsible for the establishment of special courts. The 12th Amendment specifically empowered the government to set up these specialized tribunals.

The Constitution of Pakistan 1962 remained in effect for approximately 7 years. Promulgated by President Ayub Khan on June 8, 1962, it introduced a presidential system of government. This constitution was eventually abrogated on March 25, 1969, when General Yahya Khan imposed martial law, effectively ending Ayub Khan's rule and dissolving the assemblies. Therefore, it was in force from 1962 to 1969. Options like 4, 5, or 6 years are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the full duration of its operation. Its abrogation paved the way for the eventual framing of the 1973 Constitution.

Muhammad Khan Junejo became the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1985. He was appointed by President General Zia-ul-Haq following the non-party general elections held under martial law. Junejo's premiership marked a period of partial civilian rule after years of military governance, though he operated under the shadow of Zia-ul-Haq's authority. He served until 1988 when he was dismissed by President Zia. Options 1983, 1988, and 1991 are incorrect. 1983 was before his tenure, 1988 was the year of his dismissal, and 1991 was well after his time as Prime Minister. His appointment in 1985 was a significant political event in Pakistan's history.

The correct answer is Aurangzeb. Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor, was succeeded by his son Aurangzeb after a fierce war of succession among his sons. Aurangzeb ascended the throne in 1658.

• Akbar was Shah Jahan's great-grandfather, ruling much earlier.
• Humayun was Akbar's father and Shah Jahan's great-great-grandfather.
• Jahangir was Shah Jahan's father, preceding him on the throne.

Understanding the succession order is fundamental to Mughal history.

The question asks which sector of Pakistan's economy would be most affected by a US tariff. The correct answer is Textile.

• Textile: Pakistan's textile industry is a major exporter, particularly to the United States. Tariffs imposed by the US would directly increase the cost of Pakistani textile products, making them less competitive and significantly impacting this sector's revenue and employment.
• Pharmaceuticals: While Pakistan has a pharmaceutical industry, its export volume to the US is generally lower compared to textiles, making it less susceptible to broad tariff impacts.
• Agriculture: Pakistan's agricultural sector primarily serves domestic consumption, and while some agricultural products are exported, they typically face different trade dynamics than manufactured goods like textiles.

Therefore, due to its significant export volume and reliance on the US market, the textile sector is most vulnerable to US tariffs.

The correct answer is Dec 2003. The 17th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed in December 2003. This amendment introduced significant changes, primarily validating actions taken by President Pervez Musharraf and altering the powers of the President and the judiciary.

• Jan 2001, Dec 2002, and Mar 2009 are incorrect dates for the passage of this specific constitutional amendment.

This amendment was crucial for the political landscape of Pakistan during that era.

The question concerns the amount of the loan approved by the IMF for Pakistan under its Resilience & Sustainability Program. The correct answer is $1.3 billion.

• $1.3 billion: This is the specific amount that was approved by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for Pakistan under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) to support the country's climate resilience and sustainable development efforts.
• $2.3 billion, $3.3 billion, $5.3 billion: These amounts are incorrect figures for the specific loan under the Resilience & Sustainability Program. While Pakistan has received various loans and financial packages from the IMF, this particular program's approved amount was $1.3 billion.

Accurate knowledge of international financial aid packages is crucial for such questions.

The correct answer is Ghazipur. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Scientific Society in Ghazipur in 1863. The primary objective of this society was to translate Western scientific and literary works into Urdu, thereby promoting modern education and scientific knowledge among the Muslim community of British India.

• Delhi, Lahore, and Lucknow were important centers, but Ghazipur was the specific location for the establishment of the Scientific Society.

This initiative was a significant step in his educational reform movement.

The question asks for the rivers that border the Pothohar Plateau and Salt Range in Pakistan. The correct answer is Indus and Jhelum.

• Indus and Jhelum: The Pothohar Plateau and the Salt Range are geographically located between the Indus River to the west and the Jhelum River to the east. This region is known for its unique geological features and mineral resources.
• Indus and Ravi: The Ravi River is further east, not directly bordering the Pothohar Plateau and Salt Range on its eastern side.
• Jhelum and Ravi: This pair of rivers is located further east within Punjab, not encompassing the Pothohar Plateau and Salt Range.
• Jhelum and Chenab: The Chenab River is also further east, beyond the immediate eastern boundary of the Pothohar Plateau and Salt Range.

Understanding the geography of Pakistan's river systems is key to answering this question.

The correct answer is 1955. Orient Airways, which was the first airline of Pakistan, was nationalized and merged with the government's proposed airline to form Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) in 1955. This marked the official establishment of Pakistan's national flag carrier.

• 1951, 1953, and 1961 are incorrect years for this specific transition and formation of PIA.

The creation of PIA was a significant development for Pakistan's aviation sector.

The correct answer is Wahdat al-Shuhud. Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, a prominent Sufi scholar and reformer, is known for advocating the philosophy of Wahdat al-Shuhud, or 'Unity of Apparentation/Phenomenalism'. This concept distinguished itself from Ibn Arabi's Wahdat al-Wajud ('Unity of Being'), emphasizing that the perceived unity between God and creation is one of experience or vision, not of actual ontological existence.

• Wahdat al-Wajud was a different Sufi philosophy.
• Secularism is a modern political philosophy unrelated to his theological work.
• None of these is incorrect as Wahdat al-Shuhud is directly attributed to him.

His philosophy had a profound impact on Islamic thought in India.