Special courts in Pakistan were established by which amendment?

Special courts in Pakistan were established through the 12th Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment, passed in 1991, was introduced to address specific legal challenges, particularly related to terrorism and other serious crimes, by creating a parallel judicial system for speedy trials. The aim was to ensure swift justice in cases where the regular judicial process was perceived as slow or ineffective. The 11th, 10th, and 15th amendments dealt with different constitutional matters, such as the powers of the President or electoral reforms, and were not responsible for the establishment of special courts. The 12th Amendment specifically empowered the government to set up these specialized tribunals.