PPSC Past Papers 2025

Drop Box is a widely recognized and famous online cloud storage service. It allows users to store files and folders online, synchronize them across multiple devices, and share them with others.

• Google Space (A) is not a recognized cloud storage service; Google's offering is called Google Drive.
• Google Drive (C) and iCloud (D) are also famous and popular cloud storage services offered by Google and Apple, respectively. However, among the given options, Dropbox stands out as an independent and pioneering service in the cloud storage market, making it a correct answer for a famous service.

The invention of Integrated Circuits (ICs) is primarily credited to Jack Kilby. In 1958, while working at Texas Instruments, Kilby successfully demonstrated the first working integrated circuit, which combined multiple electronic components onto a single piece of semiconductor material.

• Alan Turing (A) was a British mathematician and computer scientist, known for his foundational work in theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.
• John Bardeen (B) was a physicist who co-invented the transistor, a precursor to the IC, but not the IC itself.
• Thomas Edison (D) was a prolific American inventor known for the practical incandescent light bulb and phonograph, among many other inventions, but not integrated circuits.

Among the listed options, Strikethrough is a font effect directly available within the Font dialog box in PowerPoint. This effect draws a line through the middle of the selected text.

• Underline (A) is also a font effect and is available, often as a direct button or within the Font dialog. However, 'Strikethrough' is distinctly listed under the 'Effects' section of the Font dialog.
• Shadow (B) and Emboss (C) are typically considered 'Text Effects' in PowerPoint, found in a separate 'Format Shape' or 'Text Effects' panel, rather than the primary 'Effects' section of the standard Font dialog box. The question specifically asks about the 'Font dialog box's effects.

The correct answer is Hard Copy Terminal. A hard copy terminal is a computer terminal that produces output on a physical medium, typically paper. This term historically referred to devices like teletypes or line printers that functioned as both input and output terminals, providing a permanent, tangible record.

• Monitor and Visual Display Terminal (VDT) are incorrect because they refer to devices that produce 'soft copy' output, meaning temporary visual displays on a screen, not physical printouts.
• Printer is a device that produces hard copy, but 'Hard Copy Terminal' is the more encompassing term for a terminal that *gives* paper printout, especially in historical contexts where terminals themselves were printing devices.

The correct answer is Forwarding rule. In email systems, a forwarding rule is a specific setting or instruction that automatically redirects incoming emails from one email account to another designated email address without manual intervention.

• A Filter can sort, move, or delete emails based on criteria, but while it can be part of a forwarding setup, the specific action of sending an email to another address is handled by a forwarding rule.
• Spam settings are used to manage unwanted emails and prevent them from reaching your inbox.
• A Signature is a block of text automatically appended to the end of outgoing emails, not for forwarding incoming ones.

The correct answer is Background Shade. In MS-Word, applying a background shade to text, a line, or a paragraph effectively highlights it by changing the color of the area behind the text, similar to using a physical highlighter pen.

• Different Font Color changes the color of the text characters themselves, not the background area.
• Bold makes the text thicker and darker for emphasis, but it does not apply a background color.
• Font Effects is a broader category that includes options like strikethrough, superscript, or subscript, but 'Background Shade' is the specific feature for applying a colored background to highlight text.

The correct answer is Plotter. A plotter is a specialized output device designed to print high-quality, large-format graphics, such as architectural blueprints, engineering designs, maps, and banners. They use pens or inkjet technology to draw continuous lines, making them ideal for precise, detailed drawings.

• A standard Printer is generally used for smaller, document-sized printouts and typically lacks the precision and large format capabilities of a plotter.
• A Scanner is an input device used to digitize physical documents or images, not to print them.
• A Photocopier is used to make copies of existing documents, not primarily for printing large-scale designs from a computer.

The correct answer is Field value representing a scale or unit conversion stored in MS Access. In a database like MS Access, a ratio like kilometers to centimeters for a map would be stored as a specific piece of data within a field. This field's value would represent the scale or the conversion factor needed to interpret the map data correctly.

• Data type refers to the kind of data a field can hold (e.g., Number, Text, Date/Time), not the specific value or its meaning as a conversion factor.
• Query design is the process of retrieving specific data from a database, not how the data itself is stored or its inherent meaning.
• Report Generation is about presenting data in a readable format, not about how fundamental unit conversions are stored within the database structure.

The correct answer is Record Management. The Record Life Cycle refers to the entire continuum of a record's existence, from its creation or receipt, through its use and maintenance, to its final disposition (either destruction or permanent preservation). This comprehensive process is precisely what record management entails.

• Data is a general term for information; records are a specific type of data that require structured management throughout their life cycle.
• Formatting hard drives is a technical task related to preparing storage media for use, not the conceptual framework for managing records.
• None of these is incorrect because 'Record Management' accurately describes the concept of the Record Life Cycle.

In computing and mathematics, operations are categorized by their function. The 'Greater Than' sign (>) is used to compare two values. This comparison yields a Boolean result (true or false), indicating whether the condition is met.

• 'Logical' is the correct classification. Logical or relational operators perform comparisons between values, resulting in a true or false outcome, which is a fundamental concept in programming and conditional logic.
• 'Arithmetic' operations involve mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
• 'Conditional' refers to statements (like if-else) that execute code based on a condition, but the sign itself is the operator that defines the condition, not the condition itself.
• 'Greater' describes the comparison being made, not the type of operation.

The keyboard shortcut Ctrl + X is a fundamental command used across various operating systems and applications, including word processors and file explorers. Its primary function is to cut selected text, images, or files. This action removes the selected item from its original location and places it onto the clipboard, making it available for pasting elsewhere.

• Copy (Ctrl + C): This command duplicates the selected item to the clipboard without removing it from its original place.
• Paste (Ctrl + V): This command inserts the content currently stored on the clipboard into the desired location.
• Undo (Ctrl + Z): This command reverses the last action performed.

Therefore, Ctrl + X is specifically for cutting, which involves both copying and deleting the original.

The general climate of Pakistan is predominantly Hot and Dry. The country experiences an arid to semi-arid climate, characterized by hot summers, mild winters, and low rainfall, especially in its vast plains and desert regions like Sindh and Balochistan. While northern mountainous regions have cold winters and some areas receive monsoon rains, the overall prevailing climate across the majority of the country fits the hot and dry description.

• Hot and Wet: Describes tropical monsoon climates, which are not typical for most of Pakistan.
• Hot and Cold: While Pakistan has both hot summers and cold winters in different regions, 'hot and dry' better captures the general aridity.
• None of these: Incorrect, as 'Hot and Dry' accurately describes the general climate.

This climate significantly influences Pakistan's geography and agriculture.

The Siachen Glacier is a highly contested territory between India and Pakistan. Pakistan controls approximately 33% of the glacier, primarily the western slopes and lower reaches. India controls the remaining two-thirds, including the strategically important Siachen Glacier itself and its major passes. This division is a result of the Line of Control (LoC) not being clearly demarcated in this extreme northern region, leading to military confrontations. The other options, 44%, 47%, and 55%, are incorrect figures for the portion of the glacier under Pakistani control, as the established understanding points to a smaller share for Pakistan compared to India.

Chenab is the correct answer. Baglihar Dam is a hydroelectric dam built on the Chenab River in the Ramban district of Jammu and Kashmir. It is an important run-of-the-river hydroelectric project and has been the subject of discussions between Pakistan and India under the Indus Waters Treaty.

• Indus is incorrect because Baglihar Dam is not built on the Indus River.
• Ravi is incorrect; major projects on the Ravi include Ranjit Sagar (Thein) Dam.
• Chenab is correct as Baglihar Dam is located on this river.
• Sutlej is incorrect because dams such as Bhakra Dam are located on the Sutlej River.

The Tarbela Dam is indeed the largest hydroelectric dam in Pakistan. Located on the Indus River, it is not only the largest earth-filled dam in the world but also the largest by structural volume. It plays a pivotal role in Pakistan's water storage, irrigation, and power generation. While Mangla Dam is another significant hydroelectric project, and Diamer-Bhasha Dam is under construction to be even larger, Tarbela currently holds the record for the largest operational hydroelectric capacity in the country. Ghazi Brotha Dam is also a major project but smaller than Tarbela.

The Sub-Himalayas are also widely known as the Siwalik Range (or Shivalik Hills). This range represents the southernmost and geologically youngest east-west mountain chain of the Himalayas. It is characterized by foothills and low mountains. The Margalla Hills are a part of the Siwalik Range near Islamabad. Pir Panjal is a range within the Lesser Himalayas, which is distinct from the Sub-Himalayas. Koh-e-Suleman (Sulaiman Mountains) is a separate mountain range located in western Pakistan, not part of the Himalayan system, making these options incorrect.

Huge iron ore deposits in Pakistan have been discovered and are primarily located in Chiniot, a district in the Punjab province. These deposits are considered substantial and hold significant potential for Pakistan's steel industry and overall economic development. The discovery in Chiniot has been a major geological finding for the country. While other regions like Swat, Hyderabad, or Mianwali may have various mineral resources, Chiniot is specifically recognized for its large and commercially viable iron ore reserves, making it the correct answer.

Kashgar is a historic oasis city located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. It holds immense strategic importance due to its geographical position at the western end of the Tarim Basin, near the borders with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan. Kashgar was a crucial trading hub on the ancient Silk Road, connecting China with Central Asia and the Middle East. Therefore, it is unequivocally a city within China. The other options—India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan—do not contain the city of Kashgar, making them incorrect.

Steel is fundamentally an alloy, which is a mixture of metals or a metal and another element. The correct answer is Iron and Carbon. Iron serves as the primary metallic component, and carbon is added to significantly enhance its strength, hardness, and durability. This combination creates a material with properties superior to pure iron.

• Iron and Oxygen would typically form iron oxides, commonly known as rust, which is a corrosive process, not steel.
• Carbon and Sulfur are not the primary components of steel; sulfur is often an undesirable impurity that can make steel brittle.
• Iron and Sulfur is incorrect because sulfur is generally considered a detrimental impurity in steel, negatively impacting its mechanical properties.

The correct answer is Solid particles. In the solid state of matter, particles are tightly packed together in fixed positions. While they vibrate, they do not have the freedom to move or slide past one another from their designated places, which gives solids their definite shape and volume.

• Gas particles move freely and randomly, occupying the entire volume of their container.
• Liquid particles are close together but can slide past each other, allowing liquids to flow and take the shape of their container.
• Plasma particles are highly energetic, ionized gas particles that move freely and are not confined to fixed positions.

The correct answer is Fossils. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms, such as plants and animals, that have been buried under sediment for millions of years. Over geological time, these remains undergo mineralization, providing invaluable evidence of past life and environments on Earth.

• Species refers to a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, not the buried remains themselves.
• Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and crystal structure, distinct from organic remains.
• Rocks are naturally occurring solid aggregates of one or more minerals or mineraloids, which can contain fossils but are not the fossils themselves.

The correct answer is Chalk. Foraminifera are single-celled marine protists that produce intricate shells, known as tests, primarily composed of calcium carbonate. When these organisms die, their calcium carbonate shells accumulate on the seafloor over vast periods, eventually compacting and cementing to form chalk, a type of soft, porous limestone.

• Silica shells are typically produced by other marine microorganisms like diatoms and radiolarians, not foraminifera.
• Cellulose walls are characteristic of plant cells, providing structural support, and are not produced by foraminifera.
• Protein structures are fundamental to all living organisms, but foraminifera's primary external structural output is calcium carbonate shells, not generalized protein structures.

The correct answer is Pollution. Pollution is defined as the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse changes. These undesirable changes can harm living organisms, damage ecosystems, and degrade the quality of air, water, and land, making it a significant environmental concern.

• Conservation refers to the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of natural resources and ecosystems, which is a desirable environmental action.
• Erosion is the natural process by which soil and rock are worn away by natural forces like wind or water. While it can be exacerbated by human activity, it is a geological process, not the definition of an undesirable change itself.
• Reforestation is the process of replanting trees on land that has been deforested, which is a beneficial and desirable environmental practice.

The correct answer is Magma. Magma is the molten or semi-molten rock material that exists beneath the Earth's surface. It is typically found in the Earth's mantle and lower crust, containing dissolved gases and solid crystals. When magma rises and erupts onto the surface, it undergoes a name change.

• Lava is the term used for molten rock that has erupted onto the Earth's surface, flowing out of volcanoes or fissures.
• Granite is a common type of intrusive igneous rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies slowly beneath the Earth's surface. It is the cooled product, not the molten material.
• Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock that forms when lava cools rapidly on the Earth's surface. It is also a cooled product, not the molten material itself.

The Moderate phase of the Indian National Congress, which advocated for constitutional reforms and peaceful methods, began with its formation in 1885. This phase is generally considered to have lasted until 1905. The year 1905 is significant due to the Partition of Bengal and the rise of more assertive nationalist leaders, leading to the emergence of the Extremist faction within the Congress.

• 1911: The Partition of Bengal was annulled in this year.
• 1919: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were introduced, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred.
• 1929: The Lahore Session of Congress declared Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as its goal.

Thus, 1905 marks the end of the predominantly Moderate era.