PPSC Past Papers 2025

Why? The 11th BRICS Summit was hosted in Brasília, Brazil in November 2019 where leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa met to enhance cooperation in trade, investment, and sustainable development.

Why? FORTRAN (Formula Translation) was developed in the 1950s by John Backus and his IBM team. It was one of the first high-level programming languages.

Why? COP 23 was held in Bonn, Germany under Fiji’s presidency. It focused on implementing the Paris Agreement and advancing discussions on climate change action.

Why? Kristalina Georgieva, a Bulgarian economist, became IMF Managing Director in 2019, succeeding Christine Lagarde. She continues in this role in 2025.

Why? The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the de facto boundary separating Indian and Chinese-controlled territories. It remains disputed and has been a flashpoint for clashes.

Why? Computers like micro, mini, mainframe, and supercomputers are classified by size and capacity. Digital computers, however, are defined by operation type, not size.

Why? Donbass, in eastern Ukraine, has been contested since 2014 when Russian-backed separatists took control of parts of the region, leading to conflict with Ukraine.

Why? The Formula Bar in Excel displays the contents of the active cell, including formulas, making it essential for referencing and editing data.

Why? About 80% of world trade volume is carried through shipping. Maritime transport is crucial because it is cost-effective for bulk goods and international trade.

Why? The Title Bar in MS Word is located at the top and displays the document name along with the application name.

Why? Africa has 54 recognized countries, making it the continent with the largest number of sovereign states, followed by Asia with 49.

Why? Melancholy refers to deep sadness or gloom, and its closest synonym is “sorrowful.” The words Joyful and Cheerful are antonyms.

Why? The Battle of Samugarh (1658) was fought between Mughal princes Dara Shikoh and Aurangzeb, resulting in Aurangzeb’s victory and his eventual accession to the throne.

Why? Pakistan issued its first coins in 1948 after independence. Initially, Indian currency was used until the Pakistani rupee was introduced.

Why? Muhammad Ali Sadpara, a renowned Pakistani climber, successfully ascended K2 and other high peaks. He is remembered as one of Pakistan’s most celebrated mountaineers.

Why? The analogy relates a condition with its effect: thirst makes one parched, and fever makes one flushed. Thus, “Fever: Flushed” is correct.

Why? At independence, Pakistan had 4 provinces: East Bengal, West Punjab, Sindh, and NWFP (now KP). Baluchistan was later added as a province.

Why? Allama Iqbal criticized AIML in 1924 as focusing more on religious identity rather than broader political and economic struggle, although he later revived it with a visionary role.

Why? Pakistan allocated PKR 1.804 trillion for defense in the 2023–24 budget, which is nearly 16% of total expenditures, reflecting security priorities.

Why? Munir Akram served as Pakistan’s Permanent Representative to the UN from 2019 to March 2025. He was succeeded by Asim Iftikhar Ahmad in April 2025.