Correct Answer:
B. John Backus
The FORTRAN (Formula Translation) programming language was invented by John Backus and his team at IBM in the 1950s. It was one of the first high-level programming languages and was specifically designed for scientific and engineering applications, revolutionizing how complex calculations were performed on computers.
- Charles Babbage is known as the 'Father of the Computer' for his conceptual designs of mechanical computers in the 19th century.
- Dennis Ritchie was instrumental in creating the C programming language and co-developing the Unix operating system.
- James Gosling is widely recognized as the 'Father of Java' for his work on the Java programming language.