TGT MCQS Archives - Page 5 of 36

Which of the following statements is (are) true?

A. Classical conditioning regulates reflexive, involuntary responses exclusively

B. Operant conditioning regulates voluntary responses exclusively

C. The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior

D. a and b

Correct answer is: C. The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior

The 2 year old child who refers to every four legged animal as “doggie” is making which of the following errors?

The 2 year old child who refers to every four legged animal as "doggie" is making which of the following errors?

A. Underextension

B. Overextension

C. Overregularization

D. None of the above

Correct answer is: B. Overextension

In a Skinner box, the dependent variable is:

A. The force with which the lever is pressed or the disk is pecked

B. The schedule of reinforcement used

C. The rate of responding

D. The speed of the cumulative recorder

Correct answer is: C. The rate of responding

Research suggests that bilingualism has a negative effect on:

A. Language development

B. Metalinguistic awareness

C. Cognitive development

D. None of the above

Correct answer is: D. None of the above

A primary reinforcer has reinforcing properties; a secondary reinforcer has reinforcing properties:

A primary reinforcer has ________ reinforcing properties; a secondary reinforcer has ________ reinforcing properties:

A. Biological; acquired

B. Conditioned; unconditioned

C. Potent; weak

D. Immediate; delayed

Correct answer is: A. Biological; acquired

Based on the work with Kanzi, which statement best summarizes the current status of the research on whether chimps can learn language?

A. Chimps can acquire the use of symbols but cannot combine them into sentences

B. Chimps are as well suited for learning and using language as humans

C. Chimps are incapable even of learning the symbols of a language

D. Chimps can learn some genuine language skills, including the use of rules, but the linguistic capacities of humans are far superior

Correct answer is: D. Chimps can learn some genuine language skills, including the use of rules, but the linguistic capacities of humans are far superior

The steady, rapid responding of a person playing a slot machine is an example of a pattern of responding typically generated on a ________ schedule:

A. Fixed ratio

B. Variable ratio

C. Fixed interval

D. Variable interval

Correct answer is: B. Variable ratio

Chomsky proposed that children learn a language:

A. Because they possess an innate language acquisition device

B. Through imitation, reinforcement, and shaping

C. As the quality of their thought improves with age

D. Because they need to in order to get their increasingly complex needs met

Correct answer is: A. Because they possess an innate language acquisition device

Positive reinforcement the rate of responding; negative reinforcement the rate of responding:

Positive reinforcement ________ the rate of responding; negative reinforcement ________ the rate of responding:

A. Increases; decreases

B. Increases; increases

C. Decreases; increases

D. Decreases; decreases

Correct answer is: B. Increases; increases

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is the notion that:

A. One's language determines the nature of one's thought

B. One's thought determines the nature of one's language

C. Language and thought are separate and independent processes

D. Language and thought interact, with each influencing the other

Correct answer is: A. One's language determines the nature of one's thought

According to the two process theory, a fear response is acquired due to conditioning; it is maintained due to conditioning:

According to the two process theory, a fear response is acquired due to ________ conditioning; it is maintained due to ________ conditioning:

A. Classical; operant

B. Operant; classical

C. Classical; classical

D. Operant; operant

Correct answer is: A. Classical; operant

Which of the following does not belong with the others?

A. Aptitude tests

B. Intelligence tests

C. Personality tests

D. Achievement tests

Correct answer is: B. Intelligence tests

Breland and Breland described how animals’ innate responses can distort conditioning processes, a phenomenon they called:

Breland and Breland described how animals' innate responses can distort conditioning processes, a phenomenon they called:

A. Avoidance learning

B. Bioprocessing

C. Counterconditioning

D. Instinctive drift

Correct answer is: D. Instinctive drift

According to Rescorla, the strength of a conditioned response depends on:

A. The number of trials in which the CS and UCS are paired

B. The number of trials in which the CS is presented alone

C. The percentage of trials in which the CS and UCS are paired

D. The percentage of trials in which the UCS is presented alone

Correct answer is: C. The percentage of trials in which the CS and UCS are paired

Skinner maintained that reinforcement determines the of a response; Bandura maintains that reinforcement determines the of a response:

Skinner maintained that reinforcement determines the ________ of a response; Bandura maintains that reinforcement determines the ________ of a response:

A. Acquisition; performance

B. Acquisition; acquisition

C. Performance; performance

D. Performance; acquisition

Correct answer is: A. Acquisition; performance

Jenny has brown hair and blue eyes and is 5’8” tall. What is being described is Jenny’s:

A. Genotype

B. Phenotype

C. Somatotype

D. Physiognomy

Correct answer is: B. Phenotype

The link between physical punishment and subsequent aggressive behavior is probably best explained by:

A. Observational learning

B. Noncontingent reinforcement

C. Resistance to extinction

D. The matching law

Correct answer is: A. Observational learning

A spontaneous, heritable change or error in DNA replication is called:

A. Genetic drift

B. Gene flow

C. An adaptation

D. A mutation

Correct answer is: D. A mutation

The second step in a self modification program is to:

A. Specify the target behavior

B. Design your program

C. Gather baseline data

D. Set up a behavioral contact

Correct answer is: C. Gather baseline data

For which of the following assertions is the empirical evidence strongest?

A. The two cerebral hemispheres are specialized to handle different types of cognitive tasks

B. People have a separate stream of consciousness in each hemisphere

C. Each hemisphere has its own cognitive style

D. Some people are right brained, while others are left brained

Correct answer is: A. The two cerebral hemispheres are specialized to handle different types of cognitive tasks

Getting information into memory is called ________; getting information out of memory is called:

A. Storage; retrieval

B. Encoding; storage

C. Encoding; retrieval

D. Storage; encoding

Correct answer is: C. Encoding; retrieval

After repeated pairings of a tone with meat powder, Pavlov found that a dog will salivate when the tone is presented. Salivation to the tone is a(n):

A. Unconditioned stimulus

B. Unconditioned response

C. Conditioned stimulus

D. Conditioned response

Correct answer is: D. Conditioned response

The word “big” is flashed on a screen. A mental picture of the word “big” represents a code; the definition “large in size” represents a code; “sounds like pig” represents a code:

The word "big" is flashed on a screen. A mental picture of the word "big" represents a ________ code; the definition "large in size" represents a ________ code; "sounds like pig" represents a ________ code:

A. Structural; phonemic; semantic

B. Phonemic; semantic; structural

C. Structural; semantic; phonemic

D. Phonemic; structural; semantic

Correct answer is: D. Phonemic; structural; semantic

Sam’s wife always wears the same black nightgown whenever she is “in the mood” for outing. Sam becomes aroused to go out as soon as he sees his wife in the nightgown. For Sam, the nightgown is a(n):

Sam's wife always wears the same black nightgown whenever she is "in the mood" for outing. Sam becomes aroused to go out as soon as he sees his wife in the nightgown. For Sam, the nightgown is a(n):

A. Unconditioned stimulus

B. Unconditioned response

C. Conditioned stimulus

D. Conditioned response

Correct answer is: C. Conditioned stimulus

According to Miller, the capacity of short term memory is:

A. About 50,000 words

B. Unlimited

C. About 25 stimuli

D. About 7 "chunks" of information

Correct answer is: D. About 7 "chunks" of information