PPSC Past Papers 2025

The water flow of the river is diverted to Wullar Barrage through the construction of the Kishanganga Dam. This hydroelectric project, located in Jammu and Kashmir, India, involves diverting water from the Kishanganga River (known as Neelum River in Pakistan) through a tunnel to a power plant, and then into the Wullar Lake, which is regulated by the Wullar Barrage. This diversion is a key component of the project's design.

• Option A, Mangla Dam, is on the Jhelum River and not directly involved in diverting water to Wullar Barrage.
• Option B, Basha Dam (Diamer-Bhasha Dam), is on the Indus River.
• Option D, Warsak Dam, is on the Kabul River.

The National Oil Refinery of Pakistan is strategically located in Karachi. Karachi is Pakistan's largest city, its primary port, and a major industrial and financial hub. This location provides crucial access to shipping lanes for crude oil imports and efficient distribution of refined products across the country. Locating such a vital industrial facility in Karachi leverages its existing infrastructure and economic significance. Distractors like Lahore, Islamabad, and Multan are important cities but lack the coastal access and extensive industrial infrastructure that makes Karachi the ideal site for a national oil refinery.

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Its versatility means it is widely used for tracking and navigation across various modes of transport. Therefore, GPS is effectively used to check the movement of Aircraft, Ship, and Vehicle. The correct answer is All of these because GPS technology is fundamental to modern logistics, aviation, maritime navigation, and personal vehicle tracking, offering precise positioning data for diverse applications.

NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance established in 1949. Its membership has expanded over the decades to include more European nations. As of early 2024, with the recent additions of Finland (2023) and Sweden (2024), NATO comprises 32 member states. These countries commit to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. The other options, 29 and 35, are incorrect or outdated figures for the alliance's current membership count, while '–' is not a valid number.

A cash crop is an agricultural crop grown to be sold for profit, rather than for the subsistence of the farmer. Among the given options, Cotton is a prominent cash crop of Pakistan. It is a vital raw material for the country's textile industry, which is a major contributor to its economy and exports. While wheat, maize, and barley are also cultivated in Pakistan, they are primarily considered food crops, essential for domestic consumption, although surpluses can be sold. Cotton's primary purpose in Pakistan's agricultural economy is commercial sale and industrial use.

Fish plates are essential components in railway track construction. Their primary function is to join two rails together. These metal plates are bolted to the web of the rails at their ends, ensuring a continuous and stable track. They maintain the alignment of the rails, prevent vertical and lateral movement, and allow for thermal expansion and contraction. Without fish plates, the individual rail sections would not be securely connected, leading to track instability and potential derailments. The other options describe different functions or parts of a train or track system.

The United States has the highest number of airports in the world. This is attributed to its vast geographical area, highly developed aviation industry, extensive general aviation sector, and a large number of private airfields in addition to major commercial airports. The sheer scale of its economy and the historical development of air travel have led to an unparalleled aviation infrastructure. While countries like China, Brazil, and Russia have significant numbers of airports due to their size, they do not surpass the comprehensive network found in the US.

The correct answer is Jang. Jang Group is a prominent media conglomerate in Pakistan, and its flagship newspaper, Daily Jang, has an international presence, including editions published in the UK to cater to the Pakistani diaspora. This makes it unique among the options provided for its dual publication locations.

• Dawn is a leading English-language newspaper primarily published in Pakistan.
• The Nation is another major English-language newspaper, also primarily published in Pakistan.
• Nawa-i-Waqt is an Urdu-language newspaper, predominantly published within Pakistan.

These other newspapers do not have regular publication from the UK, distinguishing Jang as the correct choice for its international reach.