External validity is primarily concerned with:
External validity concerns generalizability.
Concurrent validity compares a new test with an established one.
Content validity concerns coverage of the domain.
Face validity is superficial appearance of measuring the construct.
Construct validity concerns measuring the theoretical construct.
Controlled variables are deliberately held constant.
Confounding occurs when an extraneous variable is linked to the independent variable.
Parental support may confound the teaching method effect.
Height can take continuous numerical values.
External validity concerns generalization beyond the study.
An intervening variable can unexpectedly affect the relationship.
It is an abstract linking process.
A variable held constant is controlled.
Instructional time is deliberately varied.
Age moderates the strength of the relationship.
A moderator affects relationship strength; an intervening variable explains a link.
They control access and participate in the study.
Literature review typically follows problem identification.
Research components fit together like a puzzle.
Writing is used throughout research planning and reporting.
The manipulated presumed cause is the independent variable.