Who discovered that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes?

The groundbreaking discovery that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes was made by Sir Ronald Ross. In 1897, this British medical doctor, working in India, demonstrated that the malaria parasite was transmitted from infected birds to mosquitoes and then back to birds, establishing the mosquito as the vector for the disease. This crucial finding earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1902. Louis Pasteur (A) is renowned for pasteurization and developing vaccines for rabies and anthrax. Robert Koch (B) identified the specific causative agents of diseases like tuberculosis and cholera. Edward Jenner (D) is famous for pioneering the smallpox vaccine.