Correct Answer:
C. بہادر شاہ ظفر
This poignant verse, "دو گز زمین بھی نہ ملی کوئے یار میں", is famously attributed to بہادر شاہ ظفر (Bahadur Shah Zafar). It reflects his tragic exile and longing for his homeland, a foundational expression of his personal and historical plight. Other poets did not pen this specific, iconic couplet.