Correct Answer:
B. Summative assessment
The process of evaluating student performance at the end of an instructional unit is known as summative assessment. This type of assessment aims to summarize learning and evaluate the effectiveness of instruction after a period of learning has concluded. Examples include final exams, end-of-unit tests, and standardized tests.
- Formative assessment (A) occurs during instruction to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback for improvement.
- Diagnostic assessment (C) is conducted before instruction to identify students' prior knowledge, strengths, and weaknesses.
- Continuous assessment (D) refers to ongoing evaluation throughout a course, which can include both formative and summative elements, but 'summative' specifically denotes the end-of-unit evaluation.