PPSC Past Papers 2025

Explanation: Mohenjo-daro, an important Indus Valley site, is located in Larkana District, Sindh, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Explanation: The script of the Indus Valley Civilization remains undeciphered due to lack of bilingual texts and short inscriptions.

Explanation: The Mesopotamian Civilization, one of the world's earliest, developed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in present-day Iraq.

Explanation: The Kot Diji archaeological site is in Khairpur District, Sindh. It represents a pre-Harappan culture dating back to 2500 BCE.

Explanation: Archaeology studies human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures.

Explanation: Sirkap was a fortified city built by Greco-Bactrians near Taxila in present-day Pakistan. It was an important archaeological site.

Explanation: Sir John Marshall supervised the excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro and identified them as part of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Explanation: Magna Carta (1215) was a charter signed by King John and English barons to limit royal power and protect baronial rights.

Explanation: “Out of Africa” is a widely accepted theory that modern humans originated in Africa and migrated globally.

Explanation: Emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism after the Kalinga War and promoted its teachings throughout his empire.

Explanation: William Cunnington is known as a pioneer of archaeological excavation due to his early work in Wiltshire, England, in the late 1700s.

Explanation: Mehrgarh, located in Balochistan, is a Neolithic site dating back to 7000 BCE, representing early farming and settlement.

Explanation: Haji Shariatullah started the Farazi Movement in 1819 to reform Muslim practices in Bengal. He returned from Hajj and launched it in the region.

Explanation: Akbar introduced Deen-e-Ilahi in 1582 at Fatehpur Sikri, his capital at that time, to merge the best elements of all religions.

Explanation: Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization belongs to the Bronze Age (3300–1300 BCE), known for bronze tools and urban planning.

Explanation: Leopold von Ranke is considered the Father of Modern History because he emphasized primary sources, evidence-based writing, and objectivity in historiography.