Correct Answer:
B. Sir John Marshall
The correct answer is Sir John Marshall. As the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1902 to 1928, Sir John Marshall oversaw the extensive excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. His leadership was crucial in officially recognizing and announcing the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization to the world, establishing its significance as one of the world's earliest major civilizations.
- R.D. Banerji was an archaeologist who discovered Mohenjo-daro under Marshall's supervision.
- Alexander Cunningham was an earlier Director-General of the ASI, who conducted preliminary surveys but did not discover the IVC.
- Mortimer Wheeler was a later Director-General who conducted significant excavations but after the initial discovery.