Which pair concerns consistency rather than accuracy?
Reliability concerns consistency.
Research Methodology MCQs
Which variable is deliberately held constant throughout an experiment?
Controlled variables are deliberately held constant.
Which feature makes a confounding variable more problematic than an ordinary extraneous variable?
Confounding occurs when an extraneous variable is linked to the independent variable.
Students receiving a new teaching method also happen to receive substantially more parental support. Parental support may therefore act as a:
Parental support may confound the teaching method effect.
A researcher records students’ heights to the nearest decimal point. Height is most appropriately classified as:
Height can take continuous numerical values.
A study is carefully conducted, but its findings cannot reasonably be generalized to real-world settings. Which validity is most directly limited?
External validity concerns generalization beyond the study.
A researcher deliberately changes the amount of instructional time and observes its effect on achievement. What is being manipulated?
Instructional time is deliberately varied.
Age changes the strength of the relationship between exercise and resting heart rate. Age is functioning as a:
Age moderates the strength of the relationship.
Which statement best distinguishes a moderating variable from an intervening variable?
A moderator affects relationship strength; an intervening variable explains a link.
An unexpected phenomenon suddenly affects the presumed cause-effect relationship during a study. According to the notes, this is most closely associated with:
An intervening variable can unexpectedly affect the relationship.
Test anxiety is proposed as an abstract process linking memory capacity with test performance. It represents a:
It is an abstract linking process.
A researcher maintains the same temperature in every experimental trial. Temperature is a:
A variable held constant is controlled.
A researcher obtains permission from the school board, district official, principal, teacher, students, and parents. These individuals primarily function as:
They control access and participate in the study.
Which stage normally follows identification of the research problem?
Literature review typically follows problem identification.
Viewing a research problem as a puzzle mainly emphasizes:
Research components fit together like a puzzle.
Which skill is involved throughout the planning and conduct of research?
Writing is used throughout research planning and reporting.
A researcher investigates the effect of a teaching method on students’ achievement. The teaching method is the:
The manipulated presumed cause is the independent variable.
A researcher investigates a population that has never previously been studied. The most immediate contribution of the study may be to:
Studying an unstudied population fills a knowledge gap.
An educator uses research findings to adopt a more effective classroom strategy. This demonstrates research’s contribution to:
Research can directly improve educational practice.