Hypothesis which state no relation between two variables is called
A null hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship or difference between two or more variables, serving as a baseline for statistical testing.
Research Methodology MCQs
The research concerned with theory development is
Applied research often tests and refines existing theories in practical settings, thereby contributing to their development and validation by addressing real-world problems.
Random sampling is necessary in
Explanation: Random sampling is a technique in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It helps reduce sampling bias and improves the representativeness of the sample, making research findings more reliable and generalizable.
Why Experimental Research?
- Experimental research aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Random sampling helps obtain a representative sample from the population.
- Random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups minimizes bias and increases the validity of the results.
Note: Although random sampling can be used in many types of research, it is considered especially important in experimental research. In contrast, action research usually involves a specific classroom or local setting and commonly uses purposive or convenience sampling rather than random sampling.
Which scientific method is a top-down or confirmatory approach?
The pattern method, when viewed as a top-down approach, involves confirming expected patterns or relationships derived from a general theory or hypothesis.
What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?
A Type-I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected, meaning a researcher concludes there is an effect when none actually exists.
Which scientific method is a bottom-up or generative approach to research?
The inductive method is a bottom-up approach where researchers observe specific instances to develop broader generalizations, theories, or patterns.
A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called
A variable is a condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories, allowing for measurement and analysis in research.
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):
- A. categorical variable
- B. dependent variable
- C. independent variable
- D. intervening variable
The variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called an independent variable.
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A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):Read More »
What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?
Experimental research is fundamentally defined by the researcher's manipulation of the independent variable to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
A positive correlation is present when
A positive correlation exists when two variables move in the same direction, meaning as one increases, the other also increases, or both decrease together.
Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for one phase and the quantitative paradigm for another phase is known as
Mixed method research integrates both qualitative and quantitative paradigms in different phases to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem.
Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as _____?
Historical research systematically investigates past events to understand their causes, effects, and significance, offering context for present-day issues.
Which “scientific method” follows these steps: 1) observation/data, 2) patterns, 3) Theory?
Inductive reasoning begins with specific observations and data, identifies patterns, and then progresses towards forming broader generalizations or theories.
Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings?
Qualitative research prioritizes in-depth understanding of specific contexts and experiences, focusing on rich detail rather than generalizability to larger populations.
Which scale is the simplest form of measurement?
The nominal scale is the simplest measurement level, categorizing data without any inherent order or numerical value, merely distinguishing groups.
Which of the following is not a type of reliability?
Content validity assesses whether a test adequately covers all relevant aspects of the construct being measured, unlike reliability which focuses on consistency.
Which of the following is the correct order of Stevens’ four levels of measurement?
Stevens' four levels of measurement, from least to most complex, are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio, each building upon the properties of the previous level.