Which Muslim scientist is credited with discovering the contagious nature of diseases and pulmonary circulation of blood?

This question pertains to the historical contributions of Muslim scientists to medicine. The correct answer is Ibn al-Nafis.

• Ibn al-Nafis (Option B) was a 13th-century Arab physician who is widely credited with being the first to accurately describe the pulmonary circulation of blood and for his early understanding of the contagious nature of diseases.
• Ibn Sina (Option A), also known as Avicenna, was a Persian polymath whose 'Canon of Medicine' was a standard medical text for centuries, but he did not discover pulmonary circulation or the contagious nature of diseases in the same detailed manner as Ibn al-Nafis.
• Al-Razi (Option C), or Rhazes, was a Persian physician who made significant contributions to medicine, including distinguishing smallpox from measles, but not the specific discoveries mentioned.