Water has maximum density at?

Water exhibits a unique property where its density is maximum at 4°C. This is unusual because most substances become denser as they cool down. As water cools from 100°C, its density increases until it reaches 4°C. Below 4°C, water molecules begin to arrange themselves into a more open, crystalline structure due to hydrogen bonding, similar to ice, which causes it to expand and become less dense.

• 0°C: At 0°C, water is either freezing or has just frozen into ice. Ice is less dense than liquid water, which is why it floats. Liquid water at 0°C is also less dense than at 4°C.
• 10°C & 100°C: Above 4°C, water expands as its temperature increases, leading to a decrease in density due to increased molecular kinetic energy and greater spacing between molecules.