Which treaty allowed Muslims in Madina to coexist with non-Muslims?

Early Islamic history in Medina involved establishing a new community and defining its interactions with diverse groups. The Constitution of Medina (Sahifat al-Madinah), often simply called the Treaty of Medina, was a pivotal document drafted by Prophet Muhammad. This constitution established a multi-religious state, outlining the rights and responsibilities of all inhabitants, including Muslims, Jews, and other pagan tribes. It ensured their peaceful coexistence, religious freedom, and mutual defense, creating a unified community (Ummah) under the Prophet's leadership.

• The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was a peace treaty between Prophet Muhammad and the Quraysh of Mecca, primarily concerning pilgrimage rights and a truce.
• The Battle of Khaybar was a military campaign against a Jewish community, not a treaty of coexistence.
• The Treaty of Najran was a specific agreement with the Christian community of Najran, guaranteeing their protection in exchange for tribute, not the overarching constitution for Medina.