Correct Answer:
B. Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is the landmark international treaty on climate change, adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, France, on December 12, 2015. Its central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
- The Kyoto Protocol (1997) was an earlier international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but it was not adopted in 2015.
- The Copenhagen Accord (2009) was a political agreement, not a legally binding treaty, and also predates 2015.
- The Montreal Protocol (1987) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances responsible for ozone depletion, not primarily greenhouse gases.