The system of “Madrasa education” in Pakistan is regulated by which authority?

The system of "Madrasa education" in Pakistan is largely regulated by a collective body known as Ittehad-e-Tanzeemati Madaris. This umbrella organization comprises five major Wafaq-ul-Madaris (federations of seminaries), each representing a different school of thought. These federations independently set their curricula, conduct examinations, and issue degrees for their affiliated madrasas across the country. While the government has made efforts to integrate madrasa education into the mainstream and introduce reforms, these federations maintain significant autonomy in their internal affairs, including curriculum design and teacher training. The Ministry of Federal Education has a limited direct regulatory role over these institutions, making the Ittehad-e-Tanzeemati Madaris the de facto regulatory authority for a substantial portion of religious education in Pakistan.