Which of the following is commonly used as a tool for formative assessment?

Among the given options, an Observation checklist is commonly used as a tool for formative assessment. Formative assessment is an ongoing process designed to monitor student learning during instruction and provide continuous feedback to both students and teachers to improve teaching and learning.

• An observation checklist allows teachers to systematically record specific behaviors, skills, or understandings demonstrated by students during classroom activities, discussions, or group work.
• It provides immediate, actionable feedback that can inform instructional adjustments and guide students in their learning journey.
• Unlike summative assessments such as report cards or annual exams, which evaluate learning at the end of a unit or course, formative tools like checklists are integrated into the learning process.

This continuous monitoring helps identify learning gaps early, allowing for timely interventions and ensuring that students are supported in achieving learning objectives before a final evaluation. It is a dynamic tool for "assessment for learning."