Correct Answer:
B. Null/Statistical Hypothesis
Explanation:
A Null Hypothesis (H₀) states that there is no relationship, no association, or no significant difference between the variables being studied. Researchers test the null hypothesis to determine whether there is enough evidence to reject it.
A Non-directional Hypothesis predicts that a relationship or difference exists but does not specify the direction (e.g., it does not state whether one variable increases or decreases the other).
Key Points:
- Null Hypothesis (H₀): No relationship or no significant difference exists.
- Research (Alternative) Hypothesis (H₁): A relationship or difference exists.
- Directional Hypothesis: Predicts both the existence and direction of the relationship.
- Non-directional Hypothesis: Predicts a relationship or difference but does not specify its direction.