Correct Answer:
B. Constructivism
The correct answer is Constructivism. Constructivism is an educational philosophy and learning theory that fundamentally discourages passive reception of information by learners. Instead, it posits that learners actively construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Constructivist teaching methods focus on engaging students in active learning, problem-solving, collaboration, and critical thinking, where they build meaning rather than simply absorbing it from a teacher or textbook. This approach emphasizes that learning is a dynamic, meaning-making process.
- Perennialism (A) often involves a more traditional, teacher-centered approach where students are expected to absorb knowledge from classic texts and lectures, which can involve passive reception.
- Realism (C) typically emphasizes teaching objective facts and observable phenomena, often through direct instruction or didactic methods, which can also involve a degree of passive reception, though it values empirical observation.
- None of these (D) is incorrect because Constructivism is defined by its active learning approach, directly opposing passive reception.