A test that measures student performance against a fixed standard is called:

A test that measures student performance against a fixed standard or predetermined set of criteria is called a criterion-referenced test. In this type of assessment, the student's score indicates whether they have achieved a specific level of mastery or competence in a particular skill or body of knowledge, irrespective of how other students perform. The focus is on the individual's attainment of specific learning objectives. Examples include driving tests, certification exams, or unit tests where a certain percentage score signifies mastery. In contrast, a norm-referenced test compares a student's performance to that of a larger group (the