Who has the power to grant pardon, reprieve and respite, and to remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other authority?

The power to grant pardon, reprieve, and respite, and to remit, suspend, or commute any sentence, is a fundamental prerogative of the head of state in many constitutional systems. In Pakistan, this power is vested in the President.

• President: As the symbolic head of the state, the President exercises these clemency powers to act as a final check on the judicial system, often on the advice of the government, ensuring justice and mercy. This is a constitutional power.
• Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises executive authority, but does not possess these specific clemency powers.
• Speaker of the National Assembly: The Speaker presides over the lower house of parliament and is responsible for legislative proceedings, not judicial clemency.
• Chairman of the Senate: The Chairman presides over the upper house of parliament, also a legislative role, without clemency powers.