Why a Stack?
LIFO (Last In, First Out) property: This mirrors the behavior of recursive function calls, where the most recent function call is the first to finish.
Simulates function call stack: In recursion, the system implicitly uses a stack to keep track of function calls and their return addresses. A non-recursive implementation can explicitly use a stack to mimic this behavior.
How it works:
Push function arguments and local variables onto the stack: Before processing a recursive call, store relevant information on the stack.
Process the current iteration: Handle the current problem without making recursive calls.
Pop values from the stack for the next iteration: Retrieve stored information to simulate returning from a recursive call.
By using a stack, you can effectively transform a recursive algorithm into an iterative one, often improving performance and memory efficiency.