Virtual memory is typically located on:

Virtual memory is a memory management technique that allows a computer to compensate for physical memory (RAM) shortages by temporarily transferring data from RAM to disk storage. Therefore, virtual memory is typically located on the Hard Disk (or Solid State Drive). When the system runs low on physical RAM, it moves less frequently used pages of memory from RAM to a dedicated area on the hard disk, known as a swap file or paging file, freeing up RAM for active processes. This creates the illusion of more available RAM than physically present.

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is the physical, volatile memory that virtual memory extends, not where virtual memory itself resides.
• CPU Cache is a very small, extremely fast memory used by the CPU to store frequently accessed data for quick retrieval, unrelated to virtual memory's function.
• ROM (Read-Only Memory) stores firmware like the BIOS and is non-volatile, not used for dynamic memory management.

The hard disk serves as the overflow for RAM in a virtual memory system.