A child cannot understand that the quantity of water remains unchanged when it is poured into a taller, narrower glass. This limitation is characteristic of:
Preoperational children lack conservation.
Preoperational children lack conservation.
Conservation is understanding that quantity remains the same despite appearance changes.
Seriation is ordering objects along a dimension.
Transitivity is understanding logical relationships among ordered items.
Formal operational thought involves hypothetical and abstract reasoning.
Development can involve simultaneous gains and losses in different dimensions.
Assimilation fits new experiences into existing schemas.
Accommodation modifies existing schemas to fit new information.
Disequilibrium is cognitive imbalance caused by new information that does not fit.
Adaptation involves assimilation and accommodation to restore equilibrium.
Preoperational thought includes symbolic and pretend play.
Growth is primarily physical/quantitative; development includes broader qualitative changes.
Growth and development are related but distinguishable concepts.
Development is continuous even though its rate may vary.
Cephalocaudal development proceeds from head to lower body.
Proximodistal development proceeds from center to extremities.
Development reflects interaction between genetic potential and environment.
Latency involves dormant sexual energy and focus on social and intellectual development.
Sublimation channels unacceptable impulses into socially valued activities.
Humanism emphasizes free will, growth, and self-actualization.
Esteem needs involve recognition, confidence, and achievement.
Self-actualization is fulfilling one's potential.
Preconscious material is not currently in awareness but can be retrieved with cues.
The superego represents internalized moral standards.