Author name: Umar

The correct answer is Fahmida Mirza. Fahmida Mirza became the first female Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan on 19 March 2008. She served as the Speaker until 3 June 2013. She represented the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and was elected from Sindh. Benazir Bhutto was the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan, Begum Rana Liaquat was the first female Governor of Sindh, but neither served as Speaker. Therefore, Fahmida Mirza is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Justice Shahabuddin. The commission that framed the 1962 Constitution under the direction of President Ayub Khan was headed by Justice Shahabuddin. He was the Chief Justice of Pakistan at that time. The commission was tasked with creating a new constitution that would establish a presidential system of government in Pakistan. Justice Munir was the Chief Justice who refused to sign the 1956 Constitution, Justice Cornelius was the Chief Justice from 1960 to 1968, but he was not the head of this commission. Therefore, Justice Shahabuddin is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Jahangir. Hiran Minar (The Deer Tower) is located in Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in the early 17th century (c. 1606) in memory of his pet deer, Mansiraj. The complex includes a large water tank, a pavilion, and a hunting pavilion. Akbar was Jahangir's father, Shah Jahan was his son, and Aurangzeb was his grandson. Therefore, Jahangir is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Prime Minister. According to the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is the head of state but acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Chief Justice is the head of the judiciary and is not involved in executive governance. The Prime Minister leads the cabinet, oversees the executive branch, and is responsible for running the day‑to‑day affairs of the state. Therefore, the Prime Minister is the head of government under the 1973 Constitution.

The correct answer is August Movement. The Quit India Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress on 8 August 1942, is also known as the August Movement. The movement was a mass civil disobedience campaign demanding an end to British rule in India. The slogan Quit India" was given by Gandhi. The movement was crushed by the British, who arrested thousands of leaders, including Gandhi. The options October Movement, July Movement, and November Movement are incorrect names for this historical event. Therefore, the Quit India Movement is also called the August Movement.

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The correct answer is 7 Aug 1947. Quaid‑e‑Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah arrived in Karachi on 7 August 1947 from London via a Pan American Airways flight. He was accompanied by his sister, Miss Fatima Jinnah, and other close associates. Upon his arrival, he was given a grand welcome at the Karachi airport. Jinnah had been in London for final discussions with British officials regarding the partition and the future of Pakistan. He later addressed the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11 August 1947, where he outlined his vision for the new nation. The options 8 August, 10 August, and 11 August are incorrect dates.

The correct answer is Stanley Wolpert. The book Jinnah of Pakistan was written by Stanley Wolpert, an American historian, and was published in 1984. It is considered one of the most authoritative and comprehensive biographies of Quaid‑e‑Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Wolpert's work is based on extensive research and provides deep insights into Jinnah's life, political career, and the creation of Pakistan. G. Allana wrote Quaid‑e‑Azam Jinnah: The Story of a Nation, Hector Bolitho wrote Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan, and K.K. Aziz wrote several books on Jinnah. However, Jinnah of Pakistan is specifically written by Stanley Wolpert.

The correct answer is Liaqat Ali. The Poor Man's Budget was presented by Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, on 27 February 1949. The budget was called the Poor Man's Budget" because it focused on reducing economic disparities, imposing taxes on the wealthy, and providing relief to the poor. It introduced measures like land reforms, taxation on agricultural income, and social welfare programs. The budget was a significant step toward creating a welfare state in Pakistan. Ghulam Muhammad was a Governor‑General, Quaid‑e‑Azam was the founder of Pakistan, and Jogindar Nath was a finance minister. Therefore, Liaquat Ali is the correct answer.

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The correct answer is Ideological. Pakistan is an ideological state, meaning its foundation was based on a distinct ideology rather than just geography or ethnicity. The ideology of Pakistan was rooted in the Two‑Nation Theory, which argued that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations and that Muslims of the subcontinent needed a separate homeland to preserve their identity, culture, and religion. Pakistan's ideological basis was articulated by Allama Iqbal and Quaid‑e‑Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The country was established on Islamic principles, making it distinct from non‑ideological or socialist states. Therefore, Pakistan is an ideological state.

The correct answer is Gaddani. The famous Clean Beach Hub is located near Gaddani, a coastal town in Balochistan, Pakistan. Gaddani is known for its beautiful beaches and is a popular tourist destination. The beach is often referred to as the Clean Beach" due to its natural beauty and cleanliness. Astola Island is a small island off the coast of Balochistan, Manora is near Karachi, and Sonmiani is another coastal area in Balochistan. However, Gaddani is specifically known for the Clean Beach Hub. Therefore, Gaddani is the correct answer.

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The correct answer is Cap Sarwar. Captain Muhammad Sarwar was the first recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider, Pakistan's highest military gallantry award. He was martyred on 27 July 1948 during the First Kashmir War while leading an attack on Indian positions at the Tilpatra post in Kashmir. He was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Haider for his exceptional bravery and leadership. Aziz Bhatti was martyred in 1965, Rashid Minhas in 1971, and Sher Khan in 1971. Therefore, Captain Sarwar is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Cyril Radcliffe. Sir Cyril Radcliffe was the head of the Punjab Boundary Commission at the time of the partition of India in 1947. He was a British lawyer who was appointed to draw the boundary lines between India and Pakistan. Radcliffe arrived in India on 8 July 1947 and submitted his award on 17 August 1947, which was published on 17 August 1947. Sir Stafford Cripps was a British politician who led the Cripps Mission in 1942, and Lord Pethick-Lawrence was the Secretary of State for India in 1946. Therefore, Cyril Radcliffe is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Muhammad Shah. Ahmad Shah Abdali, the founder of the Durrani Empire, invaded India multiple times between 1748 and 1767. His first invasion occurred in 1748, when he was defeated by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah at the Battle of Manupur (near Sirhind). Muhammad Shah was the Mughal Emperor at that time, ruling from 1719 to 1748. Shah Alam II ruled later (1759–1806), Akbar ruled in the 16th century, and Ahmad Shah Bahadur ruled from 1748 to 1754 but was not the emperor at the time of the 1748 battle. Therefore, Muhammad Shah is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Allama Iqbal. The book Ilm-ul-Iqtisad (The Science of Economics) was written by Allama Muhammad Iqbal in 1903. It was one of the earliest books on economics written in Urdu and reflected Iqbal's deep understanding of economic principles and their application to Muslim societies. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a lawyer and politician, not an author of economic texts. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a social reformer and educator, known for his writings on education and religion. Shibli Noumani was a historian and biographer. Therefore, Allama Iqbal is the correct author of Ilm-ul-Iqtisad.

The correct answer is 27 Oct. Kashmir Black Day is observed on 27 October each year in Pakistan and by Kashmiris worldwide to commemorate the day in 1947 when Indian forces first landed in Kashmir following the signing of the Instrument of Accession by Maharaja Hari Singh. This day is marked as a day of mourning and protest against the Indian occupation of Kashmir. The option 26 October is incorrect because while the Instrument of Accession was signed on 26 October, the actual arrival of Indian troops occurred on 27 October. 28 October and 29 October are also incorrect dates. Therefore, 27 October is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 1947. Indian forces occupied Kashmir in October 1947. Following the partition of India, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was ruled by Maharaja Hari Singh. On 22 October 1947, Pakistani tribal forces entered Kashmir. The Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession to India on 26 October 1947, and Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar the next day. By early November 1947, Indian forces had secured the Kashmir Valley and pushed back the tribal forces. The option 1948 is incorrect because the main military occupation took place in 1947, although the conflict continued into 1948. 1949 and 1950 are also incorrect as they are years after the initial occupation. Therefore, 1947 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is October 1905. The Partition of Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 and formally came into effect on 16 October 1905. The partition was carried out by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, on administrative grounds. The province of Bengal was divided into two provinces: Western Bengal (including Bihar and Orissa) with its capital at Calcutta, and Eastern Bengal and Assam with its capital at Dhaka. The partition sparked widespread protests across India, leading to the Swadeshi Movement. The option August 1905 is incorrect because the partition was not implemented in that month. November 1905 and December 1905 are also incorrect. Therefore, October 1905 is the correct date when the partition formally came into effect.

The correct answer is Nov 1930. The first Round Table Conference was held in November 1930 in London, from 12 November to 19 January 1931. It was convened by the British government to discuss constitutional reforms in India. The conference was boycotted by the Indian National Congress, which was demanding complete independence and was engaged in the Civil Disobedience Movement at the time. Only 89 delegates from British India and Indian princely states participated. The second conference was held in September 1931, and the third in November 1932. The option January 1930 is incorrect as the conference was not held at that time. December 1930 and February 1930 are also incorrect months, as the conference spanned November 1930 to January 1931. Therefore, November 1930 is the correct answer.