Correct Answer:
A. Mustafa Kamal Atatürk
The Khilafat, or Caliphate, represented the spiritual and political leadership of the global Muslim community, a role traditionally held by the Ottoman Sultans.
- Correct Option (A) Mustafa Kamal Atatürk: He was the visionary founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. As part of his radical secularization and modernization agenda, Atatürk orchestrated the abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate in 1922 and subsequently abolished the Caliphate itself on March 3, 1924. This move was central to transforming Turkey into a modern, secular nation-state.
- Distractors:
- (B) Abdul Majeed was the last Ottoman Caliph, but he did not abolish the institution; he was merely its final holder.
- (C) Aman Ullah Khan was the King of Afghanistan and had no involvement in Turkish affairs.
- (D) None is incorrect, as Atatürk definitively abolished it.