Which assessment technique best measures higher-order thinking?

Higher-order thinking involves complex cognitive processes such as analysis, synthesis, evaluation, problem-solving, and critical thinking, rather than simple recall or recognition. Different assessment techniques are better suited for measuring various cognitive levels.

• An Essay (B) question is the best technique for measuring higher-order thinking. It requires students to organize their thoughts, synthesize information from various sources, articulate arguments, justify positions, and demonstrate a deep, nuanced understanding of a topic.
• Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) (A) primarily assess recall, recognition, and basic comprehension, though some can be designed for application.
• A 'Type test' (C) is ambiguous but typically refers to typing speed/accuracy or a specific objective test format, neither of which effectively measures complex thought processes.
• Matching (D) questions assess recognition and association, which are generally lower-order thinking skills.

Therefore, essays provide the most robust platform for students to demonstrate advanced cognitive abilities.