Learners work through a difficult passage by predicting, questioning, clarifying and summarising while gradually taking responsibility for these roles. This approach is:

Correct answer: reciprocal teaching Predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarising while gradually taking over the roles is reciprocal teaching.

• concept mapping Concept mapping builds diagrams of relationships between ideas.
• programmed instruction Programmed instruction uses stepwise, self-paced materials.
• didactic teaching Didactic teaching is teacher-led transmission of content.