Correct Answer:
B. Masjid al-Haram
The correct answer is Masjid al-Haram. According to Islamic tradition, the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, which surrounds the Kaaba, is the first and oldest mosque ever built on Earth.
The Primacy of Masjid al-Haram
- Quranic Reference: The Quran states: "Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind was that at Bakkah [Makkah] — blessed and a guidance for the worlds" (Surah Aal-e-Imran, 3:96). This verse establishes the Kaaba, located within Masjid al-Haram, as the first place of worship on Earth.
- Built by Prophets: Islamic tradition holds that the Kaaba was originally built by Prophet Adam and later rebuilt by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Prophet Ismail (Ishmael). Masjid al-Haram is thus the oldest mosque in existence.
- Distinction from Other Mosques: Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem is the second oldest mosque (built 40 years after Masjid al-Haram, according to a hadith). Masjid Quba was the first mosque built by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) after the Hijrah to Madinah. Masjid an-Nabawi was built later in Madinah. While Masjid Quba is the first mosque in Islam's history, the first mosque on Earth is Masjid al-Haram.
- Spiritual Significance: Masjid al-Haram is the holiest site in Islam and the qibla (direction of prayer) for all Muslims. It receives millions of pilgrims annually during Hajj and Umrah.
Therefore, according to Islamic tradition, the first mosque on Earth is Masjid al-Haram.