Correct Answer:
C. Matrix organization
The question asks about an organization type that combines elements of both functional and project-based structures. This hybrid approach is known as a matrix organization.
The correct answer is C: Matrix organization. In a matrix structure, employees typically report to two managers: a functional manager (e.g., Head of Engineering) and a project manager. This dual reporting allows organizations to leverage specialized functional expertise while simultaneously managing multiple projects efficiently, fostering collaboration and resource sharing across different initiatives.
- A: Line organization is a simple, hierarchical structure with direct lines of authority, lacking the project dimension.
- B: Staff organization refers to advisory roles that support line functions, not a combined functional and project structure.
- D: Committee organization involves groups formed for specific tasks or decisions but is not a primary organizational structure combining functional and project elements.