Correct Answer:
A. Gambia
The correct answer is Gambia. In a historic and unprecedented move, the small West African nation of The Gambia took Myanmar to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over the alleged genocide of the Rohingya Muslim minority.
How Gambia Led the Genocide Case
- Filing the Lawsuit: In November 2019, The Gambia filed an application at the ICJ in The Hague, accusing Myanmar of violating the 1948 Genocide Convention, to which both countries are signatories.
- Backing by the OIC: The Gambia acted on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), which comprises 57 member states. The OIC strongly supported the legal action as a collective response to the atrocities against the Rohingya.
- Aung San Suu Kyi's Defense: Then-Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi personally travelled to the ICJ to defend her country against the charges, marking a rare appearance by a head of government at the court.
- Why Not the Others?: While Malaysia, South Africa, and Pakistan have all strongly condemned the violence and supported the Rohingya cause, they did not initiate the legal proceedings. The Gambia, despite its small size and no direct connection to Myanmar, took the lead under the principle that genocide prevention is a universal obligation.
Thus, The Gambia is the country that officially filed the genocide case against Myanmar.