Correct Answer:
C. 30 years
The correct answer is 30 years. The Rashidun (Pious) Caliphate began after the death of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in 11 AH (632 CE) and concluded with the ascension of Muawiyah I in 41 AH (661 CE), marking the beginning of the Umayyad Caliphate. This period encompassed the rule of the first four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
- 10 years, 20 years, and 40 years are incorrect durations. The 30-year period is a widely accepted historical timeframe for the Rashidun Caliphate, characterized by its adherence to the Prophet's teachings.
This period is significant for the early expansion and establishment of the Islamic state.