Correct Answer: Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate substances such as amino acids, glycerol, and lactate. This process mainly occurs in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys, especially during prolonged fasting, starvation, or intense exercise when the body's glucose reserves become depleted. Unlike glycolysis, which breaks down glucose to release energy, gluconeogenesis produces new glucose to maintain normal blood sugar levels. This process is essential for organs such as the brain and red blood cells, which rely heavily on glucose for energy. Gluconeogenesis is carefully regulated by hormones including glucagon, cortisol, and insulin to maintain metabolic balance.
- Process: Gluconeogenesis.
- Main Site: Liver and kidneys.
- Uses: Amino acids, glycerol, and lactate.
- Function: Maintains blood glucose during fasting.
- Correct Answer: Gluconeogenesis.