The Simla Deputation of 1906 was led by:

Aga Khan III (Sultan Mahomed Shah) is the correct answer. He led the Simla Deputation of 1906, a delegation of prominent Indian Muslims who met with the Viceroy of India, Lord Minto, to demand separate electorates for Muslims. This event was a significant precursor to the formation of the All-India Muslim League and played a crucial role in the political landscape of British India.

• Maulana Azad was a prominent Indian Muslim scholar and nationalist, but he was not the leader of the Simla Deputation.
• Mohammad Ali Jinnah was a key figure in the Pakistan Movement, but he was not involved in leading the Simla Deputation.
• The Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali) were prominent leaders of the Khilafat Movement, which occurred later.