Which of the following is an absolute cell reference?

The correct answer is $A$1. In spreadsheet applications like Microsoft Excel, an absolute cell reference is used to keep a cell's location constant when a formula is copied or filled to other cells. This is achieved by placing a dollar sign ($) before both the column letter and the row number.

• A1 is a relative cell reference, meaning it changes based on the relative position of the cell where the formula is copied.
• IA1 is not a standard or valid cell reference format in most spreadsheet programs.
• The other A1 option is also a relative reference.