PPSC Past Papers 2026 PDF

Siddhartha Gautama, later known as Buddha, founded Buddhism in the 6th century BCE in ancient India.

Buddhism spread from India to Central Asia and China via the Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919 to formally end World War I. It imposed heavy penalties on Germany.

Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire in 321 BCE with the help of Chanakya after overthrowing the Nanda Dynasty.

Megasthenes was sent by Seleucus I as ambassador to the Mauryan court and documented his observations in ‘Indica’.

Mohenjo-daro, an important Indus Valley site, is located in Larkana District, Sindh, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The script of the Indus Valley Civilization remains undeciphered due to lack of bilingual texts and short inscriptions.

The Mesopotamian Civilization, one of the world's earliest, developed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in present-day Iraq.

The Kot Diji archaeological site is in Khairpur District, Sindh. It represents a pre-Harappan culture dating back to 2500 BCE.

Archaeology studies human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures.

Sirkap was a fortified city built by Greco-Bactrians near Taxila in present-day Pakistan. It was an important archaeological site.

Sir John Marshall supervised the excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro and identified them as part of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Magna Carta (1215) was a charter signed by King John and English barons to limit royal power and protect baronial rights.

“Out of Africa” is a widely accepted theory that modern humans originated in Africa and migrated globally.

Emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism after the Kalinga War and promoted its teachings throughout his empire.

William Cunnington is known as a pioneer of archaeological excavation due to his early work in Wiltshire, England, in the late 1700s.

Mehrgarh, located in Balochistan, is a Neolithic site dating back to 7000 BCE, representing early farming and settlement.

Haji Shariatullah started the Farazi Movement in 1819 to reform Muslim practices in Bengal. He returned from Hajj and launched it in the region.

Akbar introduced Deen-e-Ilahi in 1582 at Fatehpur Sikri, his capital at that time, to merge the best elements of all religions.

Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization belongs to the Bronze Age (3300–1300 BCE), known for bronze tools and urban planning.

Leopold von Ranke is considered the Father of Modern History because he emphasized primary sources, evidence-based writing, and objectivity in historiography.