The correct answer is Entropy. Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. In thermodynamics, entropy is a property that quantifies the number of microscopic configurations corresponding to a macroscopic state. A system with higher entropy is more disordered. Catalytic, convection, and radiation are processes or phenomena, not measures of disorder. Therefore, entropy is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Marine Plastic pollution. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large accumulation of marine plastic pollution in the North Pacific Ocean. It is a gyre of marine debris, mostly consisting of microplastics, located between Hawaii and California. The patch is formed by ocean currents that trap plastic waste. It is not air pollution (which affects the atmosphere), soil pollution (which affects the ground), or a mixture of all types of pollution. Therefore, Marine Plastic pollution is the correct answer.
The correct answer is 12-16. The normal resting respiration rate for an adult human is 12 to 16 breaths per minute. This rate can vary based on age, health, and physical activity. For children, the rate is typically higher (20–30 breaths per minute), while for adults, the normal range is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute, with 12–16 being the most commonly cited resting rate. Options like 10–14, 16–20, and 14–18 are outside the standard adult resting range. Therefore, 12–16 is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Web Browser. Website surfing (browsing) is done through a web browser, which is a software application used to access and display web pages. Examples of web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Microsoft Edge. A window is a graphical user interface element, storage refers to data retention, and transfer refers to data movement. None of these are tools for browsing websites. Therefore, a web browser is the correct tool for website surfing.
The correct answer is Clock. In a computer system, the system clock is responsible for setting and maintaining the timing for data transfer operations. The clock generates a continuous stream of electrical pulses (clock cycles) that synchronize the activities of the CPU, memory, and other components. Data transfer occurs at specific intervals defined by these clock cycles. The PSU (Power Supply Unit) provides power, the CPU processes data, and the CU (Control Unit) directs operations, but none of these specifically set timing for data transfer. Therefore, the Clock is the correct component.
The correct answer is Blue. By default, in Microsoft Word (and most other web browsers and applications), a hyperlink appears as blue underlined text. This default blue color (#0000FF) helps users easily identify clickable links. Once a hyperlink has been clicked or visited, it typically changes to purple by default. Red, green, and yellow are not default hyperlink colors in MS Word. Therefore, Blue is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Capacitive. Capacitive touchscreens are the technology used in modern smartphones and tablets to identify multiple simultaneous touches (multi‑touch). A capacitive screen works by sensing the electrical properties of the human body. When a finger touches the screen, it distorts the screen's electrostatic field, and the device can detect multiple points of contact simultaneously. Optical touchscreens use light beams, magnetic screens are rare, and none of these are the standard technology for multi‑touch. Therefore, Capacitive is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Prime Minister. According to the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is the head of state but acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Chief Justice is the head of the judiciary and is not involved in executive governance. The Prime Minister leads the cabinet, oversees the executive branch, and is responsible for running the day‑to‑day affairs of the state. Therefore, the Prime Minister is the head of government under the 1973 Constitution.
The correct answer is Jahangir. Hiran Minar (The Deer Tower) is located in Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in the early 17th century (c. 1606) in memory of his pet deer, Mansiraj. The complex includes a large water tank, a pavilion, and a hunting pavilion. Akbar was Jahangir's father, Shah Jahan was his son, and Aurangzeb was his grandson. Therefore, Jahangir is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Justice Shahabuddin. The commission that framed the 1962 Constitution under the direction of President Ayub Khan was headed by Justice Shahabuddin. He was the Chief Justice of Pakistan at that time. The commission was tasked with creating a new constitution that would establish a presidential system of government in Pakistan. Justice Munir was the Chief Justice who refused to sign the 1956 Constitution, Justice Cornelius was the Chief Justice from 1960 to 1968, but he was not the head of this commission. Therefore, Justice Shahabuddin is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Fahmida Mirza. Fahmida Mirza became the first female Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan on 19 March 2008. She served as the Speaker until 3 June 2013. She represented the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and was elected from Sindh. Benazir Bhutto was the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan, Begum Rana Liaquat was the first female Governor of Sindh, but neither served as Speaker. Therefore, Fahmida Mirza is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Rakaposhi. The peak known as Dumani Peak is Rakaposhi, located in the Karakoram range in Gilgit‑Baltistan, Pakistan. Rakaposhi is 7,788 meters (25,551 feet) high and is the 27th highest mountain in the world. The name Dumani" means "Shining Peak" in the local Burushaski language, referring to the peak's appearance as it reflects sunlight. Tinch Mir is the highest peak in the Hindu Kush, and K2 is the second highest mountain in the world, but neither is known as Dumani Peak. Therefore, Rakaposhi is the correct answer.
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The correct answer is Louis Pasteur. The Germ Theory of Disease, which states that microorganisms cause diseases, was primarily established by Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), a French biologist. Pasteur conducted experiments that disproved spontaneous generation and demonstrated that bacteria and viruses cause infections. Robert Koch also contributed significantly to the germ theory by isolating specific pathogens, but Pasteur is credited with the foundational work that popularized the theory. Edward Jenner is known for the smallpox vaccine, and Charles Darwin is known for the theory of evolution. Therefore, Louis Pasteur is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Urban drainage Reservoir. The key solution to urban flooding is the construction and maintenance of urban drainage reservoirs. Urban flooding occurs when excessive rainfall overwhelms the drainage system, leading to water accumulation. Drainage reservoirs help manage stormwater runoff by temporarily storing excess water and releasing it gradually into natural water bodies. Deforestation, reservoir holes, and cutting roads are not solutions to urban flooding; they often exacerbate the problem. Therefore, urban drainage reservoirs are the correct solution.
The correct answer is August Movement. The Quit India Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress on 8 August 1942, is also known as the August Movement. The movement was a mass civil disobedience campaign demanding an end to British rule in India. The slogan Quit India" was given by Gandhi. The movement was crushed by the British, who arrested thousands of leaders, including Gandhi. The options October Movement, July Movement, and November Movement are incorrect names for this historical event. Therefore, the Quit India Movement is also called the August Movement.
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The correct answer is 2011. Usama bin Laden, the founder of al-Qaeda, was killed on 2 May 2011 in Abbottabad, Pakistan, during a covert operation by U.S. Navy SEALs. The operation, code‑named Operation Neptune Spear, was ordered by President Barack Obama. Bin Laden had been hiding in a compound in Abbottabad for approximately six years. His death marked a significant milestone in the global War on Terror. The options 2012, 2013, and 2014 are all incorrect because bin Laden was killed in 2011. Therefore, 2011 is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Allama Iqbal. The book Ilm-ul-Iqtisad (The Science of Economics) was written by Allama Muhammad Iqbal in 1903. It was one of the earliest books on economics written in Urdu and reflected Iqbal's deep understanding of economic principles and their application to Muslim societies. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a lawyer and politician, not an author of economic texts. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was a social reformer and educator, known for his writings on education and religion. Shibli Noumani was a historian and biographer. Therefore, Allama Iqbal is the correct author of Ilm-ul-Iqtisad.
The correct answer is Muhammad Shah. Ahmad Shah Abdali, the founder of the Durrani Empire, invaded India multiple times between 1748 and 1767. His first invasion occurred in 1748, when he was defeated by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah at the Battle of Manupur (near Sirhind). Muhammad Shah was the Mughal Emperor at that time, ruling from 1719 to 1748. Shah Alam II ruled later (1759–1806), Akbar ruled in the 16th century, and Ahmad Shah Bahadur ruled from 1748 to 1754 but was not the emperor at the time of the 1748 battle. Therefore, Muhammad Shah is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Cyril Radcliffe. Sir Cyril Radcliffe was the head of the Punjab Boundary Commission at the time of the partition of India in 1947. He was a British lawyer who was appointed to draw the boundary lines between India and Pakistan. Radcliffe arrived in India on 8 July 1947 and submitted his award on 17 August 1947, which was published on 17 August 1947. Sir Stafford Cripps was a British politician who led the Cripps Mission in 1942, and Lord Pethick-Lawrence was the Secretary of State for India in 1946. Therefore, Cyril Radcliffe is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Cap Sarwar. Captain Muhammad Sarwar was the first recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider, Pakistan's highest military gallantry award. He was martyred on 27 July 1948 during the First Kashmir War while leading an attack on Indian positions at the Tilpatra post in Kashmir. He was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Haider for his exceptional bravery and leadership. Aziz Bhatti was martyred in 1965, Rashid Minhas in 1971, and Sher Khan in 1971. Therefore, Captain Sarwar is the correct answer.
The correct answer is Gaddani. The famous Clean Beach Hub is located near Gaddani, a coastal town in Balochistan, Pakistan. Gaddani is known for its beautiful beaches and is a popular tourist destination. The beach is often referred to as the Clean Beach" due to its natural beauty and cleanliness. Astola Island is a small island off the coast of Balochistan, Manora is near Karachi, and Sonmiani is another coastal area in Balochistan. However, Gaddani is specifically known for the Clean Beach Hub. Therefore, Gaddani is the correct answer.
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The correct answer is Ideological. Pakistan is an ideological state, meaning its foundation was based on a distinct ideology rather than just geography or ethnicity. The ideology of Pakistan was rooted in the Two‑Nation Theory, which argued that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations and that Muslims of the subcontinent needed a separate homeland to preserve their identity, culture, and religion. Pakistan's ideological basis was articulated by Allama Iqbal and Quaid‑e‑Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The country was established on Islamic principles, making it distinct from non‑ideological or socialist states. Therefore, Pakistan is an ideological state.
The correct answer is Liaqat Ali. The Poor Man's Budget was presented by Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, on 27 February 1949. The budget was called the Poor Man's Budget" because it focused on reducing economic disparities, imposing taxes on the wealthy, and providing relief to the poor. It introduced measures like land reforms, taxation on agricultural income, and social welfare programs. The budget was a significant step toward creating a welfare state in Pakistan. Ghulam Muhammad was a Governor‑General, Quaid‑e‑Azam was the founder of Pakistan, and Jogindar Nath was a finance minister. Therefore, Liaquat Ali is the correct answer.
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The correct answer is Stanley Wolpert. The book Jinnah of Pakistan was written by Stanley Wolpert, an American historian, and was published in 1984. It is considered one of the most authoritative and comprehensive biographies of Quaid‑e‑Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Wolpert's work is based on extensive research and provides deep insights into Jinnah's life, political career, and the creation of Pakistan. G. Allana wrote Quaid‑e‑Azam Jinnah: The Story of a Nation, Hector Bolitho wrote Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan, and K.K. Aziz wrote several books on Jinnah. However, Jinnah of Pakistan is specifically written by Stanley Wolpert.
The correct answer is 7 Aug 1947. Quaid‑e‑Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah arrived in Karachi on 7 August 1947 from London via a Pan American Airways flight. He was accompanied by his sister, Miss Fatima Jinnah, and other close associates. Upon his arrival, he was given a grand welcome at the Karachi airport. Jinnah had been in London for final discussions with British officials regarding the partition and the future of Pakistan. He later addressed the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11 August 1947, where he outlined his vision for the new nation. The options 8 August, 10 August, and 11 August are incorrect dates.